Comparison of antiviral compounds against human herpesvirus 6 and 7

Abstract

Four classes of antiviral compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against two variants of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6A and -6B) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). These included: (1) a pyrophosphate analog, phosphonoformic acid (PFA); (2) beta-guanine analogs, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir or ACV), 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine (ganciclovir or GCV) and 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbutylyl)guanine (penciclovir or PCV); (3) acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, ( S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine [cidofovir or ( S)-HPMPC] and its cyclic derivative ( S)-cyclic-HPMPC (cHPMPC), 9-[[2-hydroxy-1-phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]methyl]guanine (HPMEMG) and 9-[(2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP), and the seven other related compounds; and (4) a series of benzimidazole ribonucleosides, including 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta- d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (BDCRB). End-point inhibitory concentration (EPC) and 50% effective inhibitory concentration (EC 50) values were determined by a dot-blot antigen detection method in cord blood mononuclear cells infected with HHV-6A, HHV-6B or HHV-7 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.004 CCID 50/cell. ( S)-HPMPC and cHPMPC had an EC 50 value of approximately 0.3 μg/ml for HHV-6A, 1.2 μg/ml for HHV-6B and 3.0 μg/ml for HHV-7. These compounds were the most active of those tested against each virus. The EC 50 value of GCV for HHV-6A was 0.65 μg/ml, 1.33 μg/ml for HHV-6B, and >7 μg/ml for HHV-7. The EC 50 values of ACV and PCV were approximately 6–8 μg/ml for HHV-6A, 16–24 μg/ml for HHV-6B and 121–128 μg/ml for HHV-7. These drugs were the least active. The sensitivity of HHV-7 to the guanine analogs was different from HHV-6, suggesting a difference in selectivity of specific viral enzymes.