Abstract
There is a variety of commercial ginseng products currently available in the market, including red ginseng (RG), black snow ginseng (BSG), and sun ginseng (SG). The objective of the study was to evaluate the putative effects of processed Panax ginseng (BSG, SG, RG) water extracts (PGWEs: BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE, respectively) on antioxidant ability as well as melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in melan-a cells. The total polyphenol contents of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE were 12.0, 8.3, and 7.7 mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE were 16.7, 8.4, and 7.9 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating abilities of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE at 1,000 μg/mL were 11.0%, 11.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of BSGWE, SGWE, and RGWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were found to be equivalent or more potent than those of positive control arbutin. These results indicate that PGWEs can be used as functional cosmetic materials for the prevention or alleviation of skin pigmentation.
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