Abstract
<p>Nowadays, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics has created the problem of bacterial resistance to them, what has motivated the search for new alternatives of drug for the treatment of bacterial diseases. Here, we compare antimicrobial activity of spent substrate of mushroom <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and <em>Lentinula edodes</em>, against <em>Escherichia coli</em>,<em> Salmonella tiphymorium</em>,<em> Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Micrococcus luteus</em>. We designed two mixtures, barley straw to be used as a substrate of cultivation of mushroom <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and oats or cedar for the cultivation of mushroom <em>Lentinula edodes</em>; and were obtained aqueous extracts from spent substrates; extracts were tested for antibacterial activity. The protocol was a completely randomized assay with a factorial arrangement design. The data were analyzed with PROC GLM, SAS. The results showed that in the case of <em>Escherichia coli</em> the greatest inhibition zone was of 12.66 mm at a concentration of 6 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, with treatment of <em>Lentinula edodes</em>/Cedar; <em>Salmonella tiphymorium</em> showed a greatest inhibition zone of 31.10 mm to a concentration of 5.12 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, with treatment of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>/Barley straw; <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed a greatest inhibition zone of 9.33 mm to a concentration of 100 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, with the treatment of <em>Lentinula edodes</em>/Cedar and finaly, <em>Micrococcus luteus </em>showed a greatest inhibition zone of 15.00 mm to a concentration of 50 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, with the treatment <em>Lentinula edodes</em>/Oats. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is possible to use indistinctly the spent substrate of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and <em>Lentinula edodes</em> as source of extracts with antibacterial activity.</p>
Highlights
The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has caused serious problems in human and animal health, causing that bacterias develop resistance to them, so World Health Organization considered to infections caused by bacteria resistant to drugs as a public health problem; it is necessary to find new pharmacological strategies, among which we can find natural products such as plants and fungi (Roca et al, 2015).Due to the excess production of agricultural wastes it has increased world production of edible fungi to over 7 million tons, of which 70% are Basidiomycetes as Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes (Sánchez, 2010; Lin, Ge, & Li, 2014)
Treatment with spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes extracts were effective against four bacterial strains tested; antibacterial activity at different concentrations is showed in Table 1; the tested bacteria were quantitatively assessed by measuring the diameter of inhibition generated for each sample; each result is the mean of three replicates
The results showed that the spent substrate Pleurotus ostreatus/Barley straw extracts presented highest inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (7.7 × Colony Forming Units (CFU)/200 μL) at a concentration of 12.5 mg mL-1 with 9.86 mm inhibition halo; Staphylococus aureus (1.0 × CFU/200 μL) at a concentration of 25 mg mL-1 with 9 mm inhibition halo and Micrococcus luteus (1.04 × 107 CFU/ 200μL) at a concentration of 50 mg mL-1 with 9.66 mm inhibition halo
Summary
The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has caused serious problems in human and animal health, causing that bacterias develop resistance to them, so World Health Organization considered to infections caused by bacteria resistant to drugs as a public health problem; it is necessary to find new pharmacological strategies, among which we can find natural products such as plants and fungi (Roca et al, 2015). Due to the excess production of agricultural wastes it has increased world production of edible fungi to over 7 million tons, of which 70% are Basidiomycetes as Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes (Sánchez, 2010; Lin, Ge, & Li, 2014). By increasing the production of edible mushrooms, increases accumulation of spent substrate residues after cultivation (Grodzínskaya, Infante, & Piven, 2002). Spent mushroom substrate containing carbohydrates as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin, remnant of edible fungi, is a byproduct of mushroom production industry. One of the main problems in the production of mushrooms still the treatment and disposal of spent www.ccsenet.org/jas
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