Abstract
Roots of Morinda officinalis and Morinda citrifolia have been interchangeably used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no experimental evidence to support this. In this study, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)-based approach and a multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) were adopted to compare the difference in the chemical compounds present in the root extract of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia. There were 26 anthraquinones, 15 triterpenes, and 8 iridoid glycosides identified in the root extracts of M. officinalis, 30 anthraquinones, 1 triterpene, and 8 iridoid glycosides in the root extracts of M. citrifolia. Among these, 25 compounds presented in both plants. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that these two herbs could be separated clearly. Furthermore, an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) found 9 components that could be used as chemical markers to discrimination the root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia. In addition, the results of a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and cell colony formation assay indicated that methanol root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia showed no cell cytotoxicity to normal cells, even promoted the proliferation of normal liver cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the differences between the root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia (Hainan province) have been observed systematically at the chemistry level.
Highlights
Morinda officinalis (M. officinalis) and Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) belong to the family Rubiaceae [1].The roots of M. officinalis have long been used ass traditional medicine for the strengthening of bones and immunity, and the nourishment of the kidneys [2]
This study examines the principal chemical constituents of the roots of both species using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/QTOF-MS coupled with a multivariate statistical analysis, and subsequently the maker components were elucidated by a principal component analysis (PCA)
A total of 49 compounds were identified from the methanol extract of the root of M. officinalis and 39 compounds were identified from the methanol extract of the root of
Summary
Morinda officinalis (M. officinalis) and Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) belong to the family Rubiaceae [1].The roots of M. officinalis have long been used ass traditional medicine for the strengthening of bones and immunity, and the nourishment of the kidneys [2]. The M. citrifolia fruit extract has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, and anticancer activities [10,11]. In Hainan province, both plants are surprisingly called BAJI, and their roots have been used as edible herbal plants to treat sexual impotence, spermatorrhea, irregular menstruation, and female infertility [14]. Evidence for such uses remains elusive, both plants contain anthraquinones and iridoid glycosides [1,15]. Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) coupled with
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