Comparison of Alpha 200 and CoughAssist as Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Devices: A Bench Study

Abstract

Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) is used in non-intubated patients to increase lung volume and to enhance coughing. Alpha 200 (Salvia Lifetec, Kronberg, Germany) is a specific IPPB device. CoughAssist (Respironics France, Carquefou, France) is a mechanical insufflator-exsufflator used to remove secretions in patients with inefficient cough. Both can also be used for intubated or tracheotomized patients. We assessed the impact of various artificial airways on the ability of the Alpha 200 and CoughAssist to generate insufflated volume. We measured the insufflated volume and pressure at the airway opening in a lung model under 2 conditions of compliance (30 or 60 mL/cm H(2)O) at single resistance of 5 cm H(2)O/L/s. The devices were used at 2 set pressures: 30 and 40 cm H(2)O. The Alpha 200 was set at 2 inflation flows: 0.5 and 1 L/s, whereas CoughAssist was set at its highest value of 10 L/s. Measurements were done without (control) and with different size endotracheal tubes and tracheostomy cannulae. The relationships between insufflated volume and measured pressure were analyzed using linear regressions. The slopes and intercepts of the control relationship between insufflated volume and pressure were significantly greater with Alpha 200 at each set flow than with CoughAssist. As artificial airways were used, the insufflated volume did not differ from the control with CoughAssist, while with Alpha 200 it increased at each flow setting and for all mechanical conditions. The largest differences in insufflated volume between the 2 devices were observed for the largest endotracheal tubes and tracheostomy cannulas and for the lowest inflation flow setting in Alpha 200. These results can be explained in terms of how the devices function, as CoughAssist adapts by increasing flow, while Alpha 200 adapts by increasing inspiratory time. This bench study has shown that in the presence of artificial airways the value of the insufflated volume generated by the CoughAssist device was significantly lower than that generated by the Alpha 200 device.