Abstract
For a long-period comparative analysis of air pollution in coastal and inland cities, we analyzed the continuous Morlet wavelet transform on the time series of a 5274-day air pollution index in Shanghai and Lanzhou during 15 years and studied the multi-scale variation characteristic, main cycle, and impact factor of the air pollution time series. The analysis showed that (1) air pollution in the two cities was non-stationary and nonlinear, had multiple timescales, and exhibited the characteristics of high in winter and spring and low in summer and autumn. (2) The monthly variation in air pollution in Shanghai was not significant, whereas the seasonal variation of air pollution in Lanzhou was obvious. (3) Air pollution in Shanghai showed an ascending tendency, whereas that in Lanzhou presented a descending tendency. Overall, air pollution in Lanzhou was higher than that in Shanghai, but the situation has reversed since 2015. (4) The primary cycles of air pollution in these two cities were close, but the secondary cycles were significantly different. The aforementioned differences were mainly due to the impact of topographical and meteorological factors in Lanzhou, the weather process and the surrounding environment in Shanghai. These conclusions have reference significance for Shanghai and Lanzhou to control air pollution. The multi-timescale variation and local features of the wavelet analysis method used in this study can be applied to varied aspects of air pollution analysis. The identification of cycle characteristics and the monitoring, forecasting, and controlling of air pollution can yield valuable reference.
Highlights
Increasing urbanization in China in the past 20 years has caused many social and environmental problems, such as urban air pollution
We introduce a one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method to analyze the daily Air pollution index (API) of the two cities for the past 15 years
Comparison analyses on the time series characteristics of API in the two cities
Summary
Increasing urbanization in China in the past 20 years has caused many social and environmental problems, such as urban air pollution. Urban air pollution is of increasing global concern because of its enormous impact on the environment, climate, and public health. Similar to most developing countries, China is currently experiencing rapid industrialization and a dramatic increase in energy consumption, both of which have led to air pollution. The most populous city in the world, is located on the east China coast justto the south ofthe mouth of the Yangtze River. A typical inland city, is located on the upper reaches of the Yellow River and at the geometric center of the continental territory of China. Air pollution in Shanghai has significantly increased
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