Abstract
The genetic background of mice has various influences on the efficacy of physical exercise, as well as adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the basal level of hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as the effects of treadmill exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 9 mouse strains: 8 very commonly used laboratory inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1, DBA/2, 129/SvJ, and FVB) and 1 outbred mouse strain (ICR). All 9 strains showed diverse basal levels of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and integration into granule cells in the sedentary group. C57BL/6 mice showed the highest levels of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and integration into granule cells at basal levels, and the DBA/2 mice showed the lowest levels. The efficacy of integration into granule cells was maximal in ICR mice. Treadmill exercise increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis in all 9 mouse strains. These results suggest that the genetic background of mice affects hippocampal neurogenesis and C57BL/6 mice are the most useful strain to assess basal levels of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, but not maturation into granule cells. In addition, the DBA/2 strain is not suitable for studying hippocampal neurogenesis.
Highlights
Adult neurogenesis is a transient process for generating new neurons in the adult mammalian brain, which arise from the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles throughout adult life
There was a significant reduction in body weight gain in the C57BL/6 strain at the age of 12 weeks after exercise, whereas a significant increase in body weight gain was observed in the EX group of the 129/SvJ and DBA/2 mouse strains, as compared to that of the SED group (Figure 2(c))
Our basic objectives were to investigate the differences in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and integration into mature granule cells in the dentate gyrus and evaluate the efficacy of treadmill exercise on the population of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in 9 mouse strains
Summary
Adult neurogenesis is a transient process for generating new neurons in the adult mammalian brain, which arise from the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles throughout adult life. Numerous studies have been conducted in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), including investigations into the pool of neural stem cells, the effects of neurotrophins, signaling pathways associated with AHN, the relationship of specific target genes with neural stem cells, and external conditions influencing AHN. Exercise has neuroprotective and therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease [10, 11], Huntington’s disease [12], and Alzheimer’s disease [13]. These studies have investigated AHN using a single inbred mouse strain or neurodegenerative disease models
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