Abstract
This chapter begins by giving a brief account of the history of concern for the welfare of elephants under human care. It discusses the various ways that elephant welfare may be measured, including condition scoring and behavioural indicators, especially stereotypic behaviour. Environmental enrichment is considered, such as the use of food, music, interactive toys, and the importance of social contact. The importance of sleep and rest is discussed along with the challenges of training elephants. Locomotion and gait studies are described together with obesity and its health consequences. Common diseases of captive elephants are briefly discussed, focussing on foot health, tuberculosis and endotheliotropic herpesviruses.
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