Comparison of a Food Frequency Questionnaire with 24 Hour Recalls in Assessing Coffee Consumption: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study (P18-075-19)

Abstract

ObjectivesMost cohort studies have used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate coffee consumption as it assesses habitual dietary patterns, whereas some studies use the 24 hour recalls as it elicits in-depth description of foods and the amount eaten. The aim of this study was to compare FFQs and 24 hour recalls to assess the consumption of various types of coffee. MethodsWe included a total of 25,904 participants from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), where individuals were aged 40 years or older. Each participant completed both one FFQ and two 24 hour recalls one month apart, which included coffee consumption and the use of sugar and powdered creamers in coffee. We classified coffee consumption whether they drink more than one cup a day or not. We categorized types of coffee as “black coffee”, “coffee with sugar”, “coffee with powder creamer”, “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” and “combinations of four types of coffee”. We compared the types of coffee they consumed through FFQs and 24 hour recalls. ResultsAmong those who marked “black coffee” on their FFQ, 51.90% reported to drink “black coffee”, 2.70% reported “coffee with sugar”, 10.81% said “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” and 20.97% reported they did not drink coffee in 24 hour recalls. 13.63% reported that they drink the rest combinations of four types of coffee in 24 hour recalls. Whereas among those who marked “coffee with sugar” on their FFQ, 33.49% said “coffee with sugar”, 12.44% said “black coffee” and 12.91% reported to drink “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Among those who marked “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” on their FFQ, 53.49% said “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Those who reported drinking “coffee with powder creamer” on their FFQ, however, only 9.18% marked “coffee with powder creamer”, 28.5% marked “coffee with sugar and powdered creamer” in 24 hour recalls. Finally, 19.32% marked drinking any four types of coffee on their FFQs, but reported not drinking coffee in 24 hour recalls. ConclusionsWe found discrepancies between FFQs and 24 hour recalls in the types of coffee consumed. Such limitations should be considered when using 24 hour recalls data to examine the effect of coffee consumption on disease development. Funding SourcesNone.