Comparison of a DNA probe assay with the plaque reduction assay for measuring the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus to penciclovir and acyclovir

Abstract

A DNA probe assay was compared with the plaque reduction assay to determine the sensitivity of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) to penciclovir and acyclovir in MRC-5 cells. In both assays, penciclovir and acyclovir shared comparable activity against cell-free virus (CFV) preparations of VZV and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) isolates, whilst acyclovir was significantly more active than penciclovir against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) isolates in both the DNA probe assay (P < or = 0.01) and the plaque reduction assay (P < or = 0.01). However, the 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) were generally lower in the DNA probe assay and the correlation between the plaque reduction and DNA probe assays was poor for either compound. Six acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV-1 derived in cell culture were also tested for susceptibility to penciclovir and acyclovir, in the DNA probe and plaque reduction assays. The relative susceptibilities of these strains were comparable, for example, one ACV-resistant strain was susceptible to penciclovir in both assays. Further comparisons of the assay methods were made using cell-associated VZV (CAV). As with CFV the EC50s were significantly lower in the DNA probe assay than the plaque reduction assay for penciclovir (P < or = 0.01) and acyclovir (P < or = 0.01). In the DNA probe assay there was no significant difference in the EC50s for either penciclovir or acyclovir when comparing CAV with CFV. However, in the plaque reduction assay the EC50s for CAV were significantly higher than those for CFV for both penciclovir (P < or = 0.01) and acyclovir (P < or = 0.01). Overall the DNA probe assay is objective, does not require prior titration of isolates and provides opportunities for automation. It is more suitable for sensitivity testing of large numbers of clinical isolates than the well-established plaque reduction assay.