Abstract
Demand for prostate MRI is increasing, but scan times remain long even in abbreviated biparametric MRIs (bpMRI). Deep learning can be leveraged to accelerate T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). To compare conventional bpMRIs (CL-bpMRI) with bpMRIs including a deep learning-accelerated T2WI (DL-bpMRI) in diagnosing prostate cancer. Retrospective. Eighty consecutive men, mean age 66 years (47-84) with suspected prostate cancer or prostate cancer on active surveillance who had a prostate MRI from December 28, 2020 to April 28, 2021 were included. Follow-up included prostate biopsy or stability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for 1 year. A 3 T MRI. Conventional axial and coronal T2 turbo spin echo (CL-T2), 3-fold deep learning-accelerated axial and coronal T2-weighted sequence (DL-T2), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with b=50 sec/mm2 , 1000 sec/mm2 , calculated b=1500 sec/mm2 . CL-bpMRI and DL-bpMRI including the same conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were presented to three radiologists (blinded to acquisition method) and to a deep learning computer-assisted detection algorithm (DL-CAD). The readers evaluated image quality using a 4-point Likert scale (1=nondiagnostic, 4=excellent) and graded lesions using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1. DL-CAD identified and assigned lesions of PI-RADS 3 or greater. Quality metrics were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were compared using Delong's test. P=0.05. Eighty men were included (age: 66 ± 9 years; 17/80 clinically significant prostate cancer). Overall image quality results by the three readers (CL-T2, DL-T2) are reader 1: 3.72 ± 0.53, 3.89 ± 0.39 (P=0.99); reader 2: 3.33 ± 0.82, 3.31 ± 0.74 (P=0.49); reader 3: 3.67 ± 0.63, 3.51 ± 0.62. In the patient-based analysis, the reader results of AUC are (CL-bpMRI, DL-bpMRI): reader 1: 0.77, 0.78 (P=0.98), reader 2: 0.65, 0.66 (P=0.99), reader 3: 0.57, 0.60 (P=0.52). Diagnostic statistics from DL-CAD (CL-bpMRI, DL-bpMRI) are sensitivity (0.71, 0.71, P=1.00), specificity (0.59, 0.44, P = 0.05), positive predictive value (0.23, 0.24, P=0.25), negative predictive value (0.88, 0.88, P=0.48). Deep learning-accelerated T2-weighted imaging may potentially be used to decrease acquisition time for bpMRI. 3. Stage 2.
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