Comparison of 3 data capture systems for the creation of 3D images from cadaveric pieces

Abstract

Introduction: Although the use of cadaverous material is still the main resource for teaching anatomy, it is always necessary to explore new technologies to optimize teaching processes [1,2]. It is not disputed that the use of cadaveric material is the best way to teach human anatomy, a fact that students themselves recognize when working with cadaverous material [3]. Therefore, the present work aims to compare three systems of image capture: 3D scanner, photogrammetry and multislice computed tomography used to generate 3D images for teaching anatomy at the University of Chile. The objective is to compare the variables that provide a greater degree of realism tending to perfect the development of teaching support material. It is not disputed that the use of cadaveric material is the best way to teach human anatomy, a fact that students themselves recognize when working with cadaverous material. Presented at the 3rd World Congress of the UNESCO Chair for Teaching and Research in Digital Anatomy Paris Descartes at Egas Moniz University Institute - Almada, Portugal. Materials and methods: An adult human brain of a male cadaver is used from the Body Donation program of the Anatomy Institute of the University of Chile. The brain is subjected to the technique of plastination [4] with silicone at room temperature performed in January 2016 at 20 degrees average temperature. Three-dimensional replication of the brain is performed by scanning through digitalization techniques using four different instruments to obtain a three-dimensional mesh, generating three digitalization techniques: 3D Scanners [5], photogrammetry, using reflex camera [6], and use of multipart computer tomograph belonging to the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. A comparative analysis of costs of each system is carried out, use of technological resources for its implementation, and image quality as a result of the processes in order to have the necessary tools to make the decision of the best system according to local reality. Results: Conclusions: • The expression of realism depends on the resolution of the mesh and the texture • Low cost techniques and 3D scanners do not generate a sufficient resolution for digital reproduction or for 3D printing, since although it is true there are several instruments capable of obtaining data to create a learning object in the 3D digital domain, the quality of the texture, understood as the information present in the surface of the object, is modified ostensibly as it is used in one or the other equipment, even when using the same method, 3D scanner for example. • The voiding of shadows by using fill-flash reduces the resulting realism in texture. • The expression of realism of photogrammetry allows its digital use more easily, because the files weigh less. • The obtaining of the digitized models requires a later work of improvement in the mesh and does not sustain by itself only to be used directly in teaching [7]. • Multislice computed tomography allows a focused use of 3D printing, when using internal reconstruction meshes, provided that what is desired is to represent the interior of the object, because if you only want to show the surface of the object, the photogrammetry is the means of capture to be used without discussion. • The digitization by itself of the anatomical models allows a wide range of interventions and improvements on the same model both to be used in support of digitized image, where the use of location guides or use of names of structures improves their understanding, both as for its later edition to then be printed in 3D