Abstract
Dexmedetomidine refers to an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist causing potent sedative, analgesic, and minimal respiratory depression compared with alternative drugs. The present study was aimed at comparing the efficaciousness and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine as sedatives for dental implantation. We recruited 60 patients belonging to group I or II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and treated them with either midazolam or dexmedetomidine in a random manner. Patients' duration of analgesia after surgery, surgeon and patient degrees of satisfaction, Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAAS) scores after drug administration, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and vital signs were recorded variables. Patients administered dexmedetomidine had significantly lower OAAS scores than those administered midazolam (p < 0.05). Patients administrated dexmedetomidine had a significantly longer analgesia duration after the surgical procedure than those administered midazolam, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine had a significantly larger number of surgeons satisfied with the level of sedation/analgesia than midazolam (p < 0.05). Accordingly, it is considered that dexmedetomidine can achieve better postoperative analgesia, surgeon satisfaction, and sedation than midazolam.
Highlights
Dental implant is considered as the most common and popular treatment option for edentulous patients in modern dentistry
Dexmedetomidine is likely to be proven as a better sedative drug for dental sedation than midazolam for its lesser respiratory depression, lesser cognitive impairment, and shorter recovery profile and analgesic property
The total time of analgesic effect was longer in group M than in group D (5.18 h compared with 3.92 h, p ≤ 0:001; Table 2)
Summary
Dental implant is considered as the most common and popular treatment option for edentulous patients in modern dentistry. A derivative of benzodiazepines, is widely used in dental sedation and is considered effective in reducing anxiety without causing cardiopulmonary instability [3]. It has been given in an oral or intravenous manner, either alone or together with propofol or opioids [4]. Its actions are considered mediated through postsynaptic α2 adrenoceptors which give activation to G proteins sensitive to the pertussis toxin Activation of these receptors in the central nervous system results in effective sedation, analgesia, anxiety, and sympathetic effects, with minimal impact on respiratory physiological inhibition of sympathetic nerves [7].
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