Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression and compare the difference between two formats of group and individual CBT among Iranian women at mid-life. The Sample for this study comprised 64 women (aged between 41 and 55 years with a depression score between 21 and 56) in Tehran, capital city of Iran. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was exposed to 16 sessions of group CBT and the second experimental group underwent eight sessions of individual CBT. The experimental and control groups were assessed for the level of depression before and after the interventions and four weeks follow up. Descriptive statistics, Repeated Measure ANOVA, and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results suggested the feasibility and clinical advantages of CBT on depression but showed no significant difference between group and individual intervention among Iranian women around menopause.
Highlights
Depression is one of the most complicated and widespread disorders with serious consequences for individuals and societies
It is clear that depression scores significantly decrease across the three different time points among participants of the experimental groups, but there is no significant change for the control group
These results indicate that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) between the two formats of group and individual therapy with regard to improvement of depression scores
Summary
Depression is one of the most complicated and widespread disorders with serious consequences for individuals and societies. It was reported that the lifetime risk for developing depression was 7% - 21% for women and significantly less, from 2.6% - 12.7% for men (Clark & Beck, 1999). This high prevalence is regardless of nationality or socio-economic level of population (Weissman, Bland, Canino, Faravelli, Greenwald, & Hwu, 1996; Clark & Beck, 1999). Women face more pressures due to their responsibility for multiple tasking and at the same time face more discrimination than men These conditions may lead women to become more vulnerable to developing depression during their lifetime
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