Abstract
Background: Gastric ulcer is one of the most serious diseases over wide the world. There are many drugs used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, but most of these produce several adverse reactions. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of extracts of ginger and marshmallow on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 5 Groups; a normal control group, an ulcer control group, a standard treatment group receiving famotidine (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving ginger (100 mg/kg) and marshmallow (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were subjected to pyloric ligation except for the normal control group. Four hours later, rat stomachs were excised and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Results: Pyloric ligation caused significant elevations in ulcer number, ulcer index, gastric volume, titratble acidity, acid output, mucin content and peptic activity, accompanied by significant decreases in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) contents. In addition, elevations in gastric mucosal lipid peroxide and histamine contents were observed. Pretreatment with famotidine, ginger or marshmallow significantly corrected all blood and tissue parameters by varying degrees. Conclusions: Famotidine, ginger and marshmallow may protect against pyloric ligation-induced peptic ulcer in rats, being promising for further clinical trials.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer is one of the world’s major gastro-intestinal disorders, embracing both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and affecting 10% of the world population [1]
The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of marshmallow revealed the presence of carbohydrates, volatile oils, tanins, flavonoids, and traces of saponins
Rats subjected to pyloric ligation showed significant ulceration in the glandular area of their stomachs compared to normal control rats
Summary
Peptic ulcer is one of the world’s major gastro-intestinal disorders, embracing both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and affecting 10% of the world population [1]. The pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease includes a complex imbalance between gastric offensive factors like increased gastric acid and pepsin secretion, Helicobacter pylori Histamine H2 receptor antagonists inhibit acid secretion induced by histamine, gastrin and cholinergic stimulation, but can promot healing of ulcers [5,6]. The use of phytoconstituents as drug therapy to treat major ailments has proved to be clinically effective and relatively less toxic than traditional drugs, based on their ability to reduce offensive factors, oxidative stress [7]. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, family: Zingiberaceae) is a herbal drug reported to stimulate digestion and absorption and to relieve constipation and flatulence by increasing muscular activity in the digestive tract [8,9,10]. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of extracts of ginger and marshmallow on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats
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