Abstract
Background: This study was done to evaluate clinical usefulness of cystatin C levels of serum and urine in predicting renal impairment in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the association between albuminuria and serum/urine cystatin C. Cockroft-Gault equation was previously used for GFR calculation. The most recently advocated formula for calculating the GFR are The modification of diet in renal disease study group ,CKD-EPI equation(2009),CKD-EPI cystatin C(2012), CKD-EPI creatinine –cystatin C(2012). The cystatin C levels of serum and urine could be useful markers for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria.
 Conclusion; This finding has major implications for clinical research and early intervention to prevent development of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
 Keywords: Cystatin C, Diabetic Nephropathies, Albuminuria
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of CKD, End stage renal disease and CKD requiring renal replacement therapy
The most recently advocated formula for calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are The modification of diet in renal disease study group,CKD-EPI equation(2009),CKDEPI cystatin C(2012), CKD-EPI creatinine –cystatin C(2012)
Screening for DM nephropathy is currently done by monitoring patient for development of microalbuminuria and as an adjunct, the estimation of GFR, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of CKD, End stage renal disease and CKD requiring renal replacement therapy It is defined as presence of persistent Albuminuria (>300mg/24 hour or 200mcg/min) in diabetic patients usually with retinopathy, elevated blood pressure and declining glomerular function in the absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of other kidney or renal tract disease. Inulin and Cr EDTA plasma clearance are considered gold standard methods for estimation of GFR These methods requires specialized technical personal over a period of several hours and high cost. This study attempts to determine the utility of serum Cystatin C in predicting early decline in renal function so that appropriate and timely interventions can be instituted to delay or arrest the progression of diabetic nephropathy
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