Abstract

Line-integral approximations to the acoustic path integral have been used to estimate fluctuations due to internal waves. Approximations for the root-mean-square (rms) fluctuation and the bias of travel time, rms fluctuation in vertical arrival angle, and the spreading of the acoustic pulse out to 1000-km range are here compared to estimates from simulations that use the parabolic equation (PE). [See S. M. Flatté and M. D. Vera, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 697–706 (2003).] Integral-approximation (IA) estimates of rms travel-time fluctuations were within statistical uncertainty at 1000 km for the Slice89 profile, and in disagreement by between 20% and 60% for the Canonical profile. Bias estimates were accurate for the first few hundred kilometers of propagation, but often disagreed beyond. The PE structure functions of travel time with depth were quadratic for vertical separations of 20 m or less, in qualitative agreement with the IA prediction. Pulse spreads in the PE results were much smaller than predicted by the IA estimates. Implications of these results will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR.] a)Currently at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

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