Comparison Between Microscopic and Rapid Test Assay in the Detection of Malaria Parasite Infection in Patient Attending Some Hospitals in Sokoto Nigeria

Garba Ibrahim,Raji Mudasiru Iyanda Omowale,Fana Sani Abdullahi,Ganau Ahmed Mohammed,Umar Asiya Imam ,Shinkafi Sa’adatu Aliyu ,Kazeem Ademola

doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.11

Garba Ibrahim, Raji Mudasiru Iyanda Omowale + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.11

Copy DOI

Abstract

Malaria is a serious public health problem, this study was aimed at comparing Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostics test in malaria parasite detection in patients in some hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Blood Samples were collected by venipuncture and dispensed into EDTA bottle. Thick blood films were made by adding few drops of anticoagulated blood on a clean glass slides and emulsifying to coin size using a spreader and allowed to air-dry and stained with 10% Geimsa stain for 10 minutes, allowed to air-dry and examined using ×100 objective to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. Of the 100 patients screened, 37% and 24% were positive for malaria using Carestart and SD-Bioline, while 53% were malaria positive by microscopy. Prevalence of malaria parasite by sex was 53.6% and 52.3% in females and males. Malaria prevalence by age was highest among patients aged 11-20, while the lowest prevalence was observed in patients aged 51-60 years. Based on occupation, the prevalence of malaria was highest among unemployed patients 58.5%, followed by 22.6% prevalence of malaria among business men and women. No significant difference was observed in malaria infection by sex, age and occupations P<0.05. The sensitivity and specificity of Carestart and SD-Bioline screening kits were 54.7% and 82.6%, 34.6 and 87.2%. The predictive positive value of Carestart was 78.4% while its negative predictive value was 61.3% in contrast to SD-Bioline with 75% and 54.7% as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Rapid diagnostic test are suitable alternatives to microscopy particularly in resources limited rural areas.

Highlights

Malaria remains an important parasitic disease worldwide [1]
Of the One hundred (100) thick stained blood film examined, twenty-three (43.4%) male patients tested positive for malaria infection while thirty (56.6%) females tested positive for malaria parasite
Statistical analysis showed no significant association in malaria infection between the gender (PValue >0.005) Table 2

Summary

Introduction

The most ubiquitous and deadly species is the Plasmodium falciparum [2]. It is prevalent in tropical regions because the significant amount of rainfall, consistently high temperatures and high humidity, along with stagnant waters in which mosquito larvae readily mature, provide them with the environment they need for continuous breeding [3]. Management of malaria requires prompt diagnosis of malaria by microscopy, immunochromatographic rapid assay or other available tools [4]. Rapid diagnostic test is a method that detects malaria antigen in a small amount of blood, usually 515μL, by immunochromatographic assay with monoclonal antibodies directed against the target parasite antigen and impregnated on a test strip [4].

Objectives

Results

Conclusion