Abstract
Strength measures should be normalized by body mass; however, the definition of sarcopenia includes only simple grip strength. Thus, we compared the relationship of grip strength and grip strength divided by body weight or body mass index to two major consequences of sarcopenia, namely metabolic syndrome and poor quality of life. Data from the participants (aged 60 years or older) of the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination were analyzed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with some modifications appropriate for Koreans. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQoL Five-dimension questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of grip strength and grip strength divided by body weight with metabolic syndrome and quality of life. A total of 1273 men and 1436 women were included in the analyses. Grip strength was not related to metabolic syndrome, whereas grip strength divided by body weight and grip strength normalized by body mass index revealed a dense dose-response relationship. All measures showed a similar correlation with quality of life. Grip strength divided by body weight can be superior to simple grip strength and grip strength normalized by body mass index in representing the metabolic aspects of sarcopenia.
Highlights
The skeletal muscle generates force with carbohydrates and fats as fuel [1], and enables physical activity with the help of the skeleton [2]
A high fasting plasma glucose or triglyceride level was more prevalent in men, whereas women more commonly met the criteria related to blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or waist circumference
Poor grip strength was not associated with metabolic syndrome, whereas poor normalized grip strength measures were associated with metabolic syndrome in both sexes with a dense dose-response relationship
Summary
The skeletal muscle generates force with carbohydrates and fats as fuel [1], and enables physical activity with the help of the skeleton [2]. The aging-associated physiologic deterioration in the mass and function of the skeletal muscle [4] has important consequences. It contributes to increased disabilities [5] and metabolic disorders [6], hampering the quality of life (QoL) [7] and increasing the all-cause mortality rates [8]. This is why disproportionate agerelated skeletal muscle wasting, so-called sarcopenia, has generated great interest among clinicians and medical professionals in the past few decades.
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