Abstract
In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in tobacco products to produce a minimally addictive or nonaddictive effect, but there was a research gap in the subjective responses of reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes. We compared the responses of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) and cigarette-liking scale (CLS) between the gradually reduced nicotine content (RNC) group and the usual nicotine content (UNC) group. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze and compare the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS across the two treatment groups (RNC and UNC). We found that the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS was significant between the RNC and the UNC treatment groups at the beginning of visit 6 with 1.4 mg nicotine/cigarette. At visits 8 and 9, the RNC group reported significantly lower satisfaction scores compared to UNC. Subscale analysis showed that smoking satisfaction decreased in RNC while other measures, such as cigarette enjoyment, did not change. Understanding the impact of nicotine reduction on cigarette subjective responses through evaluation and liking scales would provide valuable information to the FDA on nicotine reduction policies for cigarettes.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking in the United States (U.S.) has decreased from 42.4% in 1964 to 13.7% in2018; cigarette smoking remains the primary preventable cause of death in the U.S, being responsible for more than 480,000 annual deaths [1,2,3]
usual nicotine content (UNC) at visits 4 and 5 (RNC nicotine content: 7.4 and 3.3 mg/cigarette, respectively), but starting from from visit 6, reduced nicotine content (RNC) showed a significantly lower rating score in visit 6, RNC showed a significantly lower rating score in satisfaction compared to UNC
They found a significant difference between the gradual reduction group and control group in both the enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations and in craving relief [13], whereas our study showed no difference for the RNC and UNC groups in rating these two modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) subscales at visit 9
Summary
Cigarette smoking in the United States (U.S.) has decreased from 42.4% in 1964 to 13.7% in. 2018; cigarette smoking remains the primary preventable cause of death in the U.S, being responsible for more than 480,000 annual deaths [1,2,3]. Smoking-related diseases are caused by chemicals in tobacco or created during the combustion process, nicotine is responsible for the addiction [3]. Prior research and literature demonstrated that a low-nicotine product standard for cigarettes could positively affect public health, implementation of a nicotine reduction policy could prevent 16 million people from smoking by 2060 and prevent approximately 8.5 million tobacco-related deaths in the United States by 2100 [4]. Public Health 2020, 17, 7047; doi:10.3390/ijerph17197047 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
