Abstract
Innovation can be defined as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or a process, a new marketing method, a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization, or external relations. This innovation can be measured by several factors such as investments in research and development, the concentration of high-tech companies traded on the stock exchange, among others. The present study aims to perform a cluster analysis to investigate the behavior of the most innovative countries compared to Brazil. The study contemplates a historical series from the years 2012 to 2015 of the 30 most innovative countries in the world having been added to Brazil. In addition, a series of macroeconomic, political and social variables are considered.
Highlights
Studies on innovation have emphasized that, knowledge developed in universities and research institutes can and must be incorporated by society to promote regional economic development
Evaluation systems like PISA seek to assess more than knowledge per se
There is an attempt to respond to the economic demands of a population, supported by creativity and innovation
Summary
Studies on innovation have emphasized that, knowledge developed in universities and research institutes can and must be incorporated by society to promote regional economic development. There are the marketing innovations that comprise the new methods of marketing, including changes in goods and packaging, product placing, promotion, or pricing (OECD, 1997). Another important concept related to innovation is the degree of innovation. For the innovation to happen, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) argues that it must be influenced by several factors; as the environment surrounding the institutions, the legal systems, the macroeconomic context, and other conditions independent of any considerations about innovation itself Besides these factors, the interaction among these agents and institutions (private companies; science and technologic institutions, and government entities) create a favourable environment for the creation of a National Innovation System, allowing the innovations to happen and promote the national development. When analysing the specific case of Brazil in patents indices, scientific publications, and the number of students with a background in science, technology and engineering, one can note that Brazil does not occupy a relevant position in these indices (Esteves and Feldman, 2016)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
