Abstract
Household and related wastes management become a real problem in modern society. The increasing amount of waste led to use more and more waste incinerators and landfills. In underdeveloped countries, most of the collected garbage is left in uncontrolled open landfills. The open landfill, with flying plastic and biogas emission, creates nuisance for the neighboring environment and population. The main gases produced by waste decomposition are VOCS (Volatile Organic Compounds) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). In our study located in Haiti and Guadeloupe, we used hydrogen sulphide as a tracer gas to determine the impact on the environment and human health. Our measurement campaign was both held in Haiti and Guadeloupe. In the controlled garbage dump of Gabarre (Guadeloupe), a portion is completely replanted, and the other hand receives all types of waste. The biogas from the garbage dump Gabarre is channeled into pipes, which will be burned by flare. The uncontrolled garbage dump of Truitier (Haiti) is only controlled by the scavengers. They put the waste in fire, and all the sites are under a smoke plume. To evaluate the emission of gas, we have to identify the center of the landfill and the measurement point rentals. The points have been selected downwind of the landfill taking in account the average local wind direction, in order to observe the gas evolution of the garbage dump. We observed from the performed concentration of H2S, a same belt behavior for both sites with low concentration soon in the morning, a maximum raised around midday, followed by a decrease during the afternoon. This observed behavior suggest year influence of sun energy on the emission rate. With the maximum concentration, the intensity and the direction of the wind, we calculated the emissivity reported to a central point. We compared their emissivity taking in account the daily amount of waste, the total surface of the landfill and the waste composition ratio. With these first results, we evaluated and compared the concentration of the biogas and their impact on neighboring populations in Port au Prince (Haiti) and Guadeloupe.
Highlights
In developing countries and even in developed countries, the management of waste is linked to the political, social and economic development of the country. They have become a real problem for the environment and human health, with situations often dramatic in developing countries [7]
We have used the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as trace gas to determine the impact on the ambient air of biogases linked to the presence of the landfills
We carried out biogas measurements in all the points identified on the diagram, after several measurement sequences per point; we identified the point where the concentration of hydrogen sulphide is higher
Summary
In developing countries and even in developed countries, the management of waste is linked to the political, social and economic development of the country They have become a real problem for the environment and human health, with situations often dramatic in developing countries [7]. In addition to waste minimization initiatives there are efforts to reduce the quantities of priority pollutants in the waste stream These dispositions have included banning the disposal of household hazardous waste [14]. We have used the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as trace gas to determine the impact on the ambient air of biogases linked to the presence of the landfills. To improve the impact of the gas of landfills on the environment and human health, we believe propose new patterns of collection and treatment of waste within the meaning Caribbean
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