Abstract
Supported copper oxide nanoparticles are a potential candidate for replacing the rare and expensive precious metals within the automotive three-way catalyst. However, a well-designed dispersion method is necessary to allow a stable high loading of active material, compensating its lower intrinsic activity and stability. In this work, a CuO-loaded SBA-15 catalyst has been manufactured by two methods. The ammonia-driven deposition precipitation (ADP) and the molecular designed dispersion (MDD) methods are both considered as efficient deposition methods to provide well-dispersed copper oxide-based catalysts. Their morphology, copper dispersion and the chemical state of copper were characterized and compared. Due to the differences in the synthesis approach, a difference in the obtained copper oxide phases has been observed, leading to a distinct behavior in the catalytic performance. The structure-activity correlation of both catalysts has also been revealed for automotive exhaust gas abatement. Results demonstrate that various copper species can be formed depending on the precursor–support interaction, affecting selectivity and conversion during the catalytic reaction.
Highlights
Automotive three-way catalysts (TWC) based on Pt, Pd and Rh have been designed and manufactured with the objective to improve air quality and protect human health
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra revealed the existence of Cu2+ on both materials’ surfaces, which can be further divided into two entities: The sample prepared by the ammonia-driven deposition precipitation (ADP) method consists of copper phyllosilicate and copper oxide/hydroxide distributed on the surface
H2 -Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) showed that the ADP method results in the formation of the CuO phase with a smaller size and/or a stronger metal–support interaction brought by the phyllosilicate and grafted copper formation, while the molecular designed dispersion (MDD) approach provides mainly well-dispersed CuO, loosely bonded on the SBA-15 surface
Summary
Automotive three-way catalysts (TWC) based on Pt, Pd and Rh have been designed and manufactured with the objective to improve air quality and protect human health. Catalysts 2016, 6, 164 looking for other sustainable and economically beneficial alternatives is a major priority and challenge for the automotive catalyst industry [4] In this context, copper-based heterogeneous catalysts are a potential candidate for replacing Pd and Pt for vehicular oxidation of CO and HCs [5]. The high reaction temperature within the vehicle (up to 800 ◦ C) will accelerate the catalyst’s deactivation by the means of particle growth, leading to a low catalyst durability [17,18] Literature suggests that these drawbacks can be mitigated by providing a well-designed deposition method with small and highly dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles decorating the substrate, which will enhance the active sites’ surface and suppress the particle agglomeration [19,20]
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