Comparison and Contrast between First and Second Language Learning

Javed Akhter ,Muhammad Amin ,Shumaila Abdullah ,Faria Saeed ,Khair Muhammad

doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.1p.130

Abstract

This research paper tends to focus on comparison and contrast between first and second language learning. It investigates the different factors that have inhibiting influences on the language learning process of the learners in the two different environments. There are many factors involved in this respect. The age factor is one of the vital factors that influence the progress of learners in the language learning process. The other factor between first and second language learning, which mostly influences the performance of second language learners, is language input in terms of the quantity and quality in both cases of the limitations of the second language learning in classroom. This research study also studies the language input in both cases and limitations of second language learning in classroom. The present research also investigates the individual differences between first and second language learning, covering aptitude of the language learner, motivation of teacher and classmates, language anxiety and language ego. This research paper suggests that motivation of the teacher and other class fellows, aptitude of learner and teacher’s instructions and teaching methodology as well as classroom setting may help the second language learners to overcome their language anxiety and language ego in the classroom. Keywords: First language learning, Second language Learning, Age Factor, Individual Differences, Language Input, Language Anxiety and Language Ego

Highlights

Language learning is essentially a problem in psychology, individual, dyadic, and social phenomena
Age difference is of great importance in second language learning
Children are considered to be naturally gifted artists, who learn English as a second language within no time but when the critical period ends and the puberty period starts they begin to develop psychological and emotional interference, shyness, hesitation, anxiety and ego in their behaviour, so they become slower in their second language learning process

Summary

Introduction

Language learning is essentially a problem in psychology, individual, dyadic, and social phenomena. He distinguish first language and second learning, that the first arises from naturalist and unconscious language use, whereas the latter represents the conscious knowledge of language that happens through formal instruction. In the case of first class of language learners, there is a fascinating contest between their innate potential for use of parole and the community’s highly systematized practice of langue. The latter always win and impose upon the loser almost completely. The individual who already possesses first language brings to the learning of a second language a very different set of physical and mental capacities. One of the greatest differences is whether he finds himself in the cultural field of the language in question, by being either geographically within its borders or in direct contact with it in an authentic cultural island transplanted to a distant place

Literature Review

Debate and Discussion

Conclusion