Comparison analysis between haplo identical stem cell transplantation and matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission.

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In order to compare the effect between haploidentical (HID) stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and matched sibling donor (MSD) stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission status (CR1), we retrospectively studied 170 cases who received stem cell transplantation from Jan 2008 to Jul 2015 in Peking University People's Hospital. We divided all cases into MSD group (43 cases) and HID (127 cases) group. Patients in HID and MSD group displayed similar baseline characteristics except for age distribution. There were no statistic differences for overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse, leukemia free survival (LFS), transplantation related mortality (TRM) between HID and MSD group. The 3-year OS, LFS for all patients was 63.9% and 59.7% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that grade III-IV acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) was an independent risk factor for treatment related mortality (HR=8.134, 95% CI: 3.210-20.611, P<0.001), monosomy/complex chromosomal karyotype and white blood cell count more than 50×109 L-1 were two independent factors for relapse (HR=1.533, 95% CI: 1.040-2.260, P=0.031) (HR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.008, P=0.015). Grade III-IV aGVHD was an independent factor for mortality (HR=3.184, 95% CI: 1.718-5.902, P<0.001). These results demonstrated some risk factors for high-risk AML leukemia transplantation and indicated for AML patients in CR1 status, haplo stem cell transplantation could have the same therapeutic effect as MSD transplantation.