Abstract
Here we focus on the thermal and variable temperature electrochemical stabilities of two ionic liquids (ILs) having a common tributyloctyl phosphonium cation [P4,4,4,8]+ and two different orthoborate anions: bis(mandelato)borate [BMB]− and bis(salicylato)borate [BScB]−. The thermo-gravimetric analysis data suggest that [P4,4,4,8][BScB] is thermally more stable than [P4,4,4,8][BMB] in both nitrogen atmosphere and air, while the impedance spectroscopy reveals that [P4,4,4,8][BScB] has higher ionic conductivity than [P4,4,4,8][BMB] over the whole studied temperature range. In contrast, the electrochemical studies confirm that [P4,4,4,8][BMB] is more stable and exhibits a wider electrochemical stability window (ESW) on a glassy carbon electrode surface as compared to [P4,4,4,8][BScB]. A continuous decrease in the ESWs of both ILs is observed as a function of operation temperature.
Highlights
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts comprising cations and anions that form three-dimensional mobile and dynamic networks in the bulk phase
ILs are low melting salts due to the large sizes, the nature of the molecular structures, and the high degree of asymmetry of the cations and anions. These structural features lead to weak Coulombic attractions between the ions of ILs as compared to inorganic salts [1,2,3,4]
Since the applied atmosphere has a significant role in determining the thermal stability of ILs, we measured
Summary
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts comprising cations and anions that form three-dimensional mobile and dynamic networks in the bulk phase. ILs are low melting salts ( known as molten salts) due to the large sizes, the nature of the molecular structures, and the high degree of asymmetry of the cations and anions. These structural features lead to weak Coulombic attractions between the ions of ILs as compared to inorganic salts [1,2,3,4]. Some of the properties of ILs include high polarity, high thermal stability (up to 450 ◦ C), non-volatility, high ionic conductivity, wide liquid temperature range, and structural designability [5,6]. The outstanding properties of ILs enable them to be promising solvents in organic synthesis [7], catalysis [8,9], lubrication [10], pharmaceuticals [11], electrochemistry [12], energy storage devices [13,14], liquid-liquid extractions [15], extraction of metals [16,17], and separation of gases [18,19]
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