Comparing the spatial and kinematic distribution of gas and young stars around the shell-like structure in the CMa OB1 association

Abstract

Context. The relationship between young stellar clusters and their respective parental molecular clouds remains an open issue. Recent inquiries consider the similarities between substructures of clouds and clusters and whether they are a coincidence or, rather, an indication of a physical relationship. To address these issues, we studied the CMa OB1/R1 region, which shows evidence of a complex star formation history. Aims. We obtained molecular cloud mapping with the IRAM-30 metre telescope to reveal the physical conditions of an unexplored side of the CMa region with the aim of comparing the morphology of the clouds to the distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs). We also studied the cloud kinematics in pursuit of gradients and jet signatures that could trace different star formation scenarios. Methods. The YSOs were selected on the basis of astrometric data from Gaia EDR3 that characterize the moving groups. The distance of 1099−24+25 pc was obtained for the sample, based on the mean error-weighted parallax. Optical and near-infrared photometry was used to verify the evolutionary status and circumstellar characteristics of the YSOs. Results. Among the selected candidates, we found 40 members associated with the cloud: 1 Class I, 11 Class II, and 28 Class III objects. Comparing the spatial distribution of the stellar population with the cores revealed by the 13CO map, we verified that peaks of emission coincide with the position of YSOs, confirming the association of these objects to their dense natal gas. Conclusions. Our observations support the large-scale scenario of the CMa shell-like structure formation as a relic of successive supernova events.