Comparing the rates of mental disorders among different linguistic groups in a representative Canadian population

Abstract

We aimed to determine whether linguistic group influences reported prevalence rates for a number of common mental disorders. Secondary data analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 1.2 (CCHS 1.2) were carried out on representative bilingual French and English, monolingual French and English and other language groups in Canada. Past year prevalence of major depression, anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, social phobia, panic disorder) and alcohol abuse/dependence were ascertained using versions of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) questionnaire. Multivariate data analyses were used to model past year presence of a mental disorder as a function of linguistic group, defined as languages can converse in, and adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic and cultural factors. Overall, past year rates for the presence of a common mental disorder were 10.7% (9.7-11.7%) for the bilingual English; 9.0% (8.1-9.9%) for the bilingual French; 10.2% (9.8-10.6) for the monolingual English; 8.5% (7.7-9.3%) for the monolingual French; and 8.3% (6.1-10.4%) for the other language group. After adjusting for a number of socio-demographic, economic and cultural factors, the multivariate analyses showed that the linguistic groups were equally likely to report the presence of a past year common mental disorder. This was also true for comparisons between the bilingual participants responding in French and English. The differences observed in the reported crude rates for the presence of mental disorders across the different linguistic groups in Canada were explained by socio-demographic, economic, and factors such as immigration, spoke a third language and province of residence, and not explained by language of interview.