Abstract
The free will and determinism-plus scale (FAD-Plus) is one of the most widely used scales to assess the lay belief of people in the existence of free will and deterministic world views. Past research has translated FAD-Plus into various languages for non-English speaking populations, and there exist two Japanese translations of FAD-Plus: the FAD+ and the FAD-J. This study aimed to compare the psychometric properties of FAD+ and FAD-J. Results revealed that while both FAD+ and FAD-J consist of the same four subscales as the original FAD-Plus, some differences exist in the item-level psychometric characteristics. In general, as for the construct validity, although results supported that both scales can assess almost the same construct in terms of the functionalities, FAD-J tends to be slightly more likely to replicate the correlations obtained in the previous research.
Highlights
Most people believe in the concept of free will; that is, people think that they have the capacity to choose and control their actions (Nahmias et al, 2005; Carey and Paulhus, 2013)
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether these two Japanese-translated scales assess the same construct by directly comparing the psychometric properties of these scales
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether two Japanese translations of FAD-Plus (i.e., FAD+ and FAD-J) have similar psychometric features
Summary
Most people believe in the concept of free will; that is, people think that they have the capacity to choose and control their actions (Nahmias et al, 2005; Carey and Paulhus, 2013). Previous researchers have developed some scales assessing belief in free will, including the free will and determinism-plus scale (FAD-Plus; Paulhus and Carey, 2011), the free will and determinism scale (Rakos et al, 2008), and the free will inventory (Nadelhoffer et al, 2014). There exist two Japanese-translated versions of the FAD-Plus, independently developed by different researchers (Watanabe et al, 2014; Goto et al, 2015), namely the FAD+ and the FAD-J Both of these scales have been independently developed and validated, due to the differences in the creation process and the number of items, it is not clear whether they can assess the same concept. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether these two Japanese-translated scales assess the same construct (that is, belief in free will and determinism) by directly comparing the psychometric properties of these scales
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