Comparing the Effects of Group Training of Mindful Parenting Skills and Psychological Capital on Stress and Psychological Flexibility in Mothers with Blind Girl Students

Growing old, decreasing perception of social efficiency because of retirement and separation from children cause the elderly to feel lonely. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of psychological capitals and psychological flexibility in predicting loneliness among elderly. It was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population of the study included elderly living in Isfahan in 2018. Samples included 253 elderlies who were selected through convenience sampling method. Loneliness scale (Russell), psychological flexibility questionnaire (Denis and Vanderwal) and the questionnaire of psychological capitals (Lotanz and Olio) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and simultaneous multiple regression. The results reported a significant relationship between psychological capitals and psychological flexibility and feeling loneliness in the elderly (P˂0.001). Moreover, the results showed that psychological capitals and psychological flexibility were significant predictors of loneliness among elderly, while there was no significant difference in predicting predictive variables (psychological capitals and psychological flexibility) (P˃0.05). Considering the meaningful role of psychological capitals and psychological flexibility in significantly predicting loneliness in elderly, it seems a necessity to provide training for psychological capitals and improve psychological flexibility among elderly to decrease feeling lonely and apply the outcomes to decrease loneliness in elderly.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems especially depression and loss of psychological capital are also common in people with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj City. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The PCQ-24 scale was used to collect data to measure psychological capital and the BDI-II scale was used to measure depression. The experimental group received 90 minutes of skill training based on CFT in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measure in SPSS software v. 25. Results: The results showed that skill training based on CFT was effective on psychological capital and depression in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes in the post-test phase (Pvalue<0.05), and had a lasting effect (Pvalue<0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that Skill Training Based on CFT is effective on psychological capital and depression, so it is recommended that clinical psychologists use this training to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes. Keywords: Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type 1

BackgroundNursing in psychiatric wards is considered a highly stressful career due to the type of patients and the problem of communicating with them. Finding appropriate solutions to overcome this stress can improve the general health of nurses and improve their quality of work. The aim was to investigate the impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the perceived stress (PS) and psychological flexibility (PF) of nurses in psychiatric wards.MethodsA total of 70 nurses of Razi Psychiatric Center of Tehran were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups of 35. In addition to routine interventions, the experimental group was provided with eight 2-h sessions of ACT training, whereas the control group only received routine interventions. Prior to the intervention sessions and a month after the last session, demographic information, PS scale, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2nd Edition) were completed in both groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference regarding the PS level (P = 0.002) and PF (P = 0.001) in the control and experimental groups; the experimental group showed lower PS and higher PF.ConclusionsACT can lead to reduced PS and improved PF, which can be considered as a solution to empower nurses working in psychiatric wards.Trial registrationThis was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (clinical trial code: IRCT20180506039557N1. Registered 2018-10-31. Retrospectively registered,https://en.irct.ir/trial/31040

Social anxiety is a psychological disorder which has devastative and pernicious effects on interpersonal relationships and one's psychological flexibility. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on interpersonal problems and psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. With a semi-experimental design, the subjects were assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale and clinical interview. The statistical population of the research was high school female students studying in 5 areas of Isfahan. 30 individuals were purposively selected as the sample. The subjects of the research were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was given in 10 sessions of 90 minutes in the experimental group and the control group did not receive any treatment. Pre-test and post-test scores of Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance & the results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the scores of the subjects in the experimental and control groups. This means that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can influence interpersonal problems and their six dimensions and psychological flexibility as well.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most challenging diseases in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of logotherapy on coping strategies for pain, psychological capital, and death anxiety in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was an applied and semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included women referring to Zafar Medical Complex in Karaj city, among whom 30 women with breast cancer were selected by non-random sampling method. The samples were divided into two experimental and control groups using the multivariate covariance method after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Having obtained written consent from the participants, they filled out questionnaires of Rosenstein's Pain Coping Strategies, Luthans' Psychological Capitals, and Templer's Death Anxiety at the pre-test stage. Following that, the experimental group was trained in Blair's logotherapy protocol for 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the questionnaires once more during the post-test stage. The data was analyzed in SPSS-22 software using a multivariate covariance test. Results: Data analysis after logotherapy showed a significant difference in the test group, including pain coping strategies (returning attention, P=14.667; reinterpretation of pain, P=6.248; self-talk, P=0.0001; invisibility of pain, P=0.002; disaster, P=0.002; prayer-hope, P=0.004; psychological capitals, P=0.0001; and death anxiety, P=0.51) compared to the investigated variables in the control group. Moreover, the results of the covariance in the test group demonstrated a significant difference in the mean scores before and after logotherapy in coping strategies with pain, including returning attention (8.47±1.278), reinterpretation of pain (11.40 ± 11.120), self-talk (20.27 ± 2.183), invisibility of pain (9.93 ± 0.796), catastrophizing (13.53 ± 1.641), prayer hope (14.00 ± 1.418), psychological capitals (54.33 ± 1.968), and death anxiety (0.859 ± 9.40) (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the control group in this regard. The value of eta showed that 64% of the changes in psychological capital, 54% of the changes in returning attention, 36% of the changes in the reinterpretation of pain, 61% of self-talk changes, 59% of pain-ignoring changes, 34% of catastrophizing changes 53% of changes in prayer-hope, 52% of changes in activity ability and 51% of changes in death anxiety were due to the effect of treatment. Conclusion: Logotherapy proves to be efficacious in aiding women with breast cancer in managing strategies related to coping with psychological strength and fear of death.

Introduction: Violence against women and girls is currently one of the most important and specific forms of violence against human rights.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention based on psychological capital on experience avoidance and suicidal ideations in girls victims of domestic violence in Isfahan.Materials & Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all girls’ victims of domestic violence in Isfahan who were referred to a Counseling Center in Isfahan in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 girls who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to one experimental group (cognitive-behavioral intervention based on psychological capital) and a control group (each consisting of 15 people). The research tools included Beck Scale for Suicidal ideations (BSSI) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed by SPSS.22 software and univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The findings of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral intervention based on psychological capital was effective on experience avoidance (p <0.001) and suicidal ideation (p <0.001) in girls’ victims of domestic violence in Isfahan.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy based on psychological capital is an effective treatment to reduce problems related to experience avoidance and suicidal thoughts of girls’ victims of domestic violence and can be used to improve psychological problems of girls’ victims of domestic violence.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life quality training on happiness among Esfahan blind girls. Methods: Type study was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up with a control group. The community of this study consists of all the blind girl in the 1393 year that have formed in State Welfare Organization. The study sample was a convenience sample. The study sample consisted of 40 girls is blind that were selected and divided into two groups, experimental and control group randomly. Experimental group for 8 sessions have received training in the quality of life after treatment and at the end of both groups were assessed with posttest. Measurement instrument consist of Oxford Happiness Inventory questionnaire (Argaile and etc., 1989). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and statistical analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that the effect of time and interaction time with the happiness variable is significant. In other words, the pretest session to pursue happiness level has increased. The follow of happiness posttest experimental group than the control group (P < 0/01). Conclusion: According to result, can improve the happiness in blind girls through life quality training.

BACKGROUND:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, worldwide. Psychological disorders are common among patients with IBS.AIM:This study aims to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) matrix on depression and psychological capital of patients with IBS.MATERIAL AND METHODS:In a quasi-experimental study, a total number of 30 patients with IBS were selected using convenience sampling. Those patients who meet the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (15 patients in each group). Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). The experimental group was subjected to the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) amtrix, but the control group do not receive this treatment. Questionnaires were completed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention by patients in two groups. All patients in two groups responded to the questionnaires and returned them to the researcher. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).RESULTS:Analyzing the data showed that there were significant differences regarding depression and psychological capital between experimental and control group, before and after the study (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Using ACT matrix is a useful modality to improve the depression and psychological capital among patients with IBS.

The migrant worker phenomenon in China has negatively impacted the psychological development of these workers' children, whom researchers have termed “left-behind children” (LC) or university students with left-behind experience (USWL). Since USWL are the best among the LC in some sense, we decided to perform two investigations to determine if they might possess unique positive psychological capital factors. Study 1 aimed to explore the development of the psychological capital of USWL, and Study 2 utilized a group intervention design to improve USWL psychological capital. A questionnaire was administered to 281 USWL and 284 control university students in study 1. The results showed that the psychological capital of USWL was moderate, and their self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and overall psychological capital were significantly lower than those with no left-behind experience. However, their psychological resilience was remarkably higher than those who were not left behind. It also suggested that some demographic factors such as gender, grade, only child status, student leadership experience, reunion frequency with parents, and relationship with guardians significantly influence the psychological capital of USWL. In Study 2, a single-factor interventional experimental design based on the psychological capital intervention theory (PCI) was conducted in 73 USWL (38 in the experimental group, 35 in the control group). There were significant post-test differences between groups. Both the pre- and post-test results differed greatly in the experimental and control groups. Overall, our findings indicate that although the left-behind experience in childhood moderately impairs psychological capital development, it also fosters resilience. The psychological intervention based on PCI is an effective “remedy scheme” to improve their psychological capital qualities.

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on caregiver burden and psychological flexibility in caregivers of Alzheimer's Elderly. The semi-experimental research method and the statistical population were the caregivers of elderly Alzheimer's patients referred to neurology clinics in Tehran in the spring of 2023. Thirty participants were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Then, treatment focused on compassion was implemented in an experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes during eight weeks. The Second Edition Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) and the Caregiving Pressure Questionnaire (CBI) were completed as pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyse the data with SPSS version 23 statistical software. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy was effective in caregiving stress and psychological flexibility in caregivers of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. The amount of F for the effect of the group on lack of time, interruption in growth, physical pressure, social pressure and emotional pressure was 12. 64, 19.23, 19.06, 21.26 and 27.06, respectively. Also, F related to psychological flexibility was obtained as 19.28. The significance level of all cases was less than 0.05, and the effect size was greater than 0.4. Therefore, it is recommended for clinical and health psychologists to support the caregiver's family in their role and improve their mental health in the above cases through intervention programs based on treatment focused on compassion so that by improving mental health, they can be more efficient in the treatment process of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Several factors influence students' behaviors and develop motivation. Meanwhile, cognitive factors such as psychological capital play a more prominent role than others, and it is crucial to understand the factors that affect them. The current research purpose was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention and cognitive-behavioral game therapy on the psychological capital of female first-secondary school students in Amol City. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the female students of the first secondary school of the seventh grade of the public schools of Amol City in the academic year of 2023. Among them, 45 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (30 individuals in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The people attending the first experimental group received mindfulness intervention (8 sessions) and two sessions per week for 60 minutes, and the second experimental group received cognitive-behavioral game therapy intervention (10 sessions) and two sessions per week for 30 minutes. The questionnaire used in this research included psychological capital. The study data was analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Results: The findings showed that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral game therapy affected the psychological capital of female students of the first secondary school in Amol City (P < 0.01). Also, mindfulness training on psychological capital was more effective than cognitive-behavioral game therapy (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Although both methods of mindfulness training and play therapy improved students' psychological capital, the approach and method used in each are different. Mindfulness training focuses more on awareness and the presence of the mind in the present moment. At the same time, play therapy focuses more on strengthening psychological skills and abilities through interactive activities and games, which can better capitalize on increased psychological.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychological training with an Islamic approach on the psychological capital of school managers. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population included all school principals in Kerman city during the 2023-2024 academic year. Thirty participants were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 participants each). The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute weekly sessions of positive psychological training with an Islamic approach. Data were collected using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 26, with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to assess the impact of the intervention. Findings: The results showed significant improvements in the psychological capital components of the experimental group compared to the control group. Post-test mean scores for the experimental group were higher in self-efficacy (M = 11.93, SD = 0.70), hope (M = 13.73, SD = 0.57), resilience (M = 18.13, SD = 0.92), and optimism (M = 14.33, SD = 0.76) compared to the control group's scores. The MANCOVA results indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all psychological capital components, with F ratios of 31.47 for self-efficacy, 56.22 for hope, 61.23 for resilience, and 17.20 for optimism (p &lt; .001 for all). Conclusion: Positive psychological training with an Islamic approach significantly enhances the psychological capital of school managers. This method proved effective in improving self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism, aligning with previous research on the benefits of positive thinking and psychological well-being.

An online intervention to increase psychological capital and wellbeing in ageing employees during COVID-19 pandemic.

Parenting a child with chronic pain can be stressful and impact parent functioning in a variety of areas. Several studies have examined mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for parents of children with different health and mental health conditions. However, no studies to date have examined MBIs for parents of children with pain conditions. This study aimed to: (1) determine the feasibility and acceptability of a one-time MBI workshop for parents (n = 34) of adolescents with painful conditions (chronic pain and inflammatory bowel disease) who were participating in a concurrent mindfulness group for adolescents with pain, and (2) examine changes in parent mindfulness and psychological flexibility following the intervention. A mixed-method design was used. In terms of feasibility and acceptability, high recruitment and retention rates were observed, and parents reported high satisfaction scores with the workshop. Changes pre to post intervention showed that dimensions of parent psychological flexibility, but not parent mindfulness, improved following participation in the workshop. Qualitative analyses based on parent responses on a questionnaire uncovered seven themes of parent “takeaways” following participation in the workshop: Mindfulness Skills, Not Alone, Psychological Flexibility, Parent–Child Interactions, Self-Efficacy, Optimism/Positivity/Hope, and Awareness of Values. Taken together, these findings suggest that a one-time MBI workshop offered to parents whose teen was participating in a concurrent mindfulness group for pain is a feasible and promising intervention for parents of children with pain conditions.

Background: Cancer causes psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, feelings of sadness, and anger, and family problems. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of schema therapy on psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in women with breast cancer. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 23/07/2019 to 20/11/2019. The total number of the patients was 51, of whom 30 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group (15 people in each group). The experimental group was exposed to schema therapy for 11 weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. The Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Vulnerable Attachment Questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-21 software. Results: The results of paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the components of psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be stated that the effectiveness of schema therapy was associated with increased self-efficacy (P = 0.013), hope (P = 0.001), resilience (P = 0.034), optimism (P = 0.001), and decreased vulnerable attachment (P = 0.029). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study regarding the effect of schema therapy on improving psychological capital and reducing vulnerable attachment, it can be concluded that schema therapy can be used as an effective intervention along with other therapies to reduce the problems of women with breast cancer.