Comparing the Effect of Human Wisdom Teeth Pulverized in Micron and Nano Particle Dimensions as Grafting Material in Healing of Tibial Bone Defect

Abstract

Background: In this article, we decided to introduce an available, affordable and biocompatible material from human teeth using nanotechnology to repair bone defects. Totally impacted wisdom teeth of human, which had been removed by surgery, were prepared as powder in two particle sizes of 500 micron and nano (up to 100 nm) after sterilization. Method: Test cases were eight white rabbits of New Zealand species that were divided into 2 groups. Pores with 6 × 6 mm dimensions were created at hamstring area of tibia bone. In left leg tibia’s pore, nanoparticles powder and in the right leg tibia’s pore, micro particles powders were placed. The groups of two were sacrificed after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Samples underwent histomorphometric analysis and radiological analysis. The results showed the superiority of nano-groups in the percentage of new bone formation (26.62±10.88) over micro-groups (14.36±8.4) to (P-value = 0.015). Obtained Hounsfield number for micro-particle group was 2477±480 and for nanoparticle group was 1387±429 (p-value = 0.001). The differences in value soft bone vitality, inflammation, and foreign body reaction were not significant between the two groups of micro and nano. In micro particle group, despite suitable biocompatibility and Osseo integration, due to higher density and degree of crystalline, absorption and replacement rates by new bone and overall percentage of new bone formed were lower than nano group.