Comparing the distribution of neuropsychiatric symptoms among individuals with depression and mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common during the course of neurocognitive disorders. NPS have been previously reported in early and late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. However, our understanding of NPS in high‐risk states for dementia such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is poor. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and factor structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms among individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in remission, and comorbid MCI and MDD (in remission) (MCI‐D).MethodWe used baseline data from the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia with Cognitive Remediation Plus Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depression (PACt‐MD) study, a multicenter trial across five academic sites in Toronto, Canada (clinical trial No. NCT0238667). We used ANOVA or χ2‐test to compare frequency of NPS across groups. We used factor analysis of Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) items in the three groups.ResultWe included 374 participants with a mean age of 72.0 years (SD = 6.3). In the overall sample, at least one NPS was present in 64.2% participants, and 36.1% had at least moderate severity NPS (36.1%). Depression (54%, χ2 < 0.001) and apathy (28.7%, χ2 = 0.002) were more prevalent in the MCI‐D group as compared to MCI and MDD groups. In factor analysis, NPS grouped differently in MCI, MDD, and MCI‐D groups. A “psychotic” subgroup emerged among MCI and MCI‐D, but not in MDD. Night‐time behaviors and disinhibition grouped differently across all three groups.ConclusionPrevalence of NPS seems higher in persons with MCI‐D as compared to those with only MCI or MDD. The factor structure of NPS differed between MCI, MDD, and MCI‐D groups. Future studies should investigate the association of NPS factors with cognition, function, and illness biomarkers.