Comparing Minimally Invasive Techniques to Traditional Surgery for Specific Tumor or Cancer Types: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Surgical oncology encompasses the use of surgical interventions in the treatment of cancer. Its primary objective is the identification and removal of malignant tumors within the body. Surgeons specializing in this field are tasked with various responsibilities, including preventive measures, early detection of cancerous or pre-cancerous conditions, diagnosis, pre-operative preparation, tumor removal, staging of the disease, post-operative care, rehabilitation, surveillance, emergency interventions, and palliative treatments. The treatment of tumors often involves a combination of surgical procedures, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other supplementary therapies. Advancements in medical technology have led to less invasive surgical techniques, particularly in treating benign conditions, resulting in smaller incisions and reduced risks of complications compared to traditional open surgeries. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) refers to procedures that minimize the size of surgical incisions, leading to decreased blood loss, faster wound healing, reduced pain and scarring, shorter hospital stays, lower infection risks, and fewer post-surgical complications. Consequently, many conditions that previously necessitated open surgery can now be managed through minimally invasive techniques. In contrast, traditional surgery has historically been the standard approach for cancer treatment, involving incisions to directly access and address the affected area. Skilled surgeons utilize their expertise and specialized tools to excise tumors, repair tissues, and conduct necessary procedures. The aim of this project is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of these surgical approaches in the treatment of specific types of tumors or cancers.