Abstract
The future of transportation systems is going towards autonomous and assisted driving, aiming to reach full automation. There is huge focus on communication technologies expected to offer vehicular application services, of which most are location-based services. This paper provides a study on localization accuracy limits using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication channels provided by IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V, considering two different vehicular network designs. Real data measurements obtained on our highway testbed are used to model and simulate propagation channels, the position of base stations, and the route followed by the vehicle. Cramer–Rao lower bound, geometric dilution of precision, and least square error for time difference of arrival localization technique are investigated. Based on our analyses and findings, LTE-V outperforms IEEE 802.11p. However, it is apparent that providing larger signal bandwidth dedicated to localization, with network sites positioned at both sides of the highway, and considering the geometry between vehicle and network sites, improve vehicle localization accuracy.
Highlights
It is apparent that providing larger signal bandwidth dedicated to localization, with network sites positioned at both sides of the highway, and considering the geometry between vehicle and network sites, improve vehicle localization accuracy
The V2I network consists of road-side units (RSUs) periodically located with certain inter-site distances, road-side separation, and an onboard units (OBUs) placed on the vehicle, which drives on the defined lane
Results show that the minimum Horizontal DOP (HDOP) is 0.37, found for a vehicle location when two-sided RSUs are used in a 2000 m coverage range, and the maximum HDOP value is
Summary
Wireless communication technologies are all around our daily life, used by smartphones, smart homes, and smart cities, making our days easier and more productive.These technologies are being expanded and integrated into vehicles and road infrastructure, targeting the reduction of road accidents, enhancement of road safety, reliability, and traffic management.Over the recent years, the emphasis on intelligent vehicle research has turned to Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) which enables information exchange between vehicles (vehicle-to-vehicle, V2V) and between vehicle and transport infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure, V2I), referred as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication [1].The concept and development of such systems have been in the focus of industry, academia, standard institutions, and highway administration institutions [2], aiming to support road navigation, vehicles tracking, monitoring, emergency services, access to traffic conditions, weather conditions, air pollution, etc. Wireless communication technologies are all around our daily life, used by smartphones, smart homes, and smart cities, making our days easier and more productive. These technologies are being expanded and integrated into vehicles and road infrastructure, targeting the reduction of road accidents, enhancement of road safety, reliability, and traffic management. Despite many vehicle-related locationaware applications, localization or positioning accuracy remains the main problem [2]. In addition to this, according to the literature review, vehicular networking technologies are being designed for communication and not for localization purposes. The system should make available sub-meter-level localization accuracy to comply with the demands of the automotive sector [3]
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