Comparing Finger-stick Βeta-hydroxybutyrate with Dipstick Urine Tests in the Detection of Ketone Bodies in the Diagnosis of Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Abstract

To compare the finger-stick β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) method accuracy with dipstick urine test for the detection of ketone bodies to diagnose diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Cross-sectional study. Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from March to August 2021. Ninety-six known or newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 2-15 years with suboptimal glycemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis were included in the study. A urine dipstick test was utilised to evaluate the absence or presence of ketones in the urine. In point-of-care, blood β-OHB levels were recorded. Among 96 children, with median age of 10 years (IQR=6-11), 11 (11.5%) children had traces of urine ketones, 7 (7.3%) had + urine ketones, 19 (19.8%) had ++ urine ketones, 26 (27.1%) had +++ ketones and 19 (19.8%) had ++++ ketones. In 66 patients (68.75%), capillary blood ketone was observed to be positive by a finger-stick β-OHB method. The finger-stick β-OHB method had a higher sensitivity (90.4% vs. 84.9%), specificity (100% vs. 91.3%), and accuracy (92.7% vs. 86.5%) than the dipstick urine test. Finger-stick β-OHB method can serve as a more accurate alternative to the urinary dipstick method for the measurement of ketones and to exclude ketosis and diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in hyperglycemic children. Diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Point-of-care testing, Ketosis, Urine ketones, Acetoacetates.