Comparing distance measures on assessed medical device incident data using Average Silhouette Width

Abstract

Abstract Many machine learning algorithms depend on the choice of an appropriate similarity or distance measure. Comparing such measures in different domains and on diversely structured data is common, but often performed in regards of an algorithm to cluster or classify the data. In this study, data assessed by experts is analyzed instead. The data is taken from the database of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) and represents free text incident reports. The Average Silhouette Width, a cluster density measure, is used to compare the distance measures’ ability to discriminate the data according to the experts’ assessments. The Euclidean distance and four distance measures derived from the Jaccard similarity, the Simple Matching similarity, the Cosine similarity and the Yule similarity are compared on four subsets of this database. The results show, that a better data preprocessing is necessary, possibly due to boilerplate texts being used to write incident reports. These results will also provide the basis to compare improvements by different methods of data preprocessing in the future.