Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinically impaired kidney degradation syndrome, which commonly is diagnosed based on glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Renal parenchymal resistive index and the renal cortex echogenicity are ultrasound parameters that have been reported correlate with GFR values. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between renal intra-parenchymal resistive index and renal cortical echogenicitybased on GFR in CKD patients.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional design. A renal ultrasound examination was performed to forty one CKD patients to assess the resistive index of the renal intra-parenchymal artery and the echogenicityof the renal cortex. The creatinine serum levels were obtained from the patients, as the gold standard of CKD diagnosis. Statistical data processing uses diagnostic test and Inter class Correlation Coefficients (ICC).Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of renal intraparenchymal resistive indexes were 23%, 79%, 33%, and 69% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between renal cortex echogenicity were 23%, 96%, 75%, and 73% respectively. The ICC analysisreported a Single Rater value of 0.1538 and Average of Raters 0.3528.Conclusion: Renal intra-parenchymal resistive artery was more specific than renal cortex echogenicity for diagnosing patients with chronic kidney disease.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 03 July’20 Page : 194-199
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinically impaired kidney degradation syndrome, which commonly is diagnosed based on glomerulus filtration rate (GFR)
Based on a survey conducted by Association of Nephrology Indonesia in 2009-2012, it was reported that there was an increase in the percentage of new CKD patients by 50% in Indonesia.1The prevalence of chronic kidney disease increases along with the increasing number of elderly population and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension
The increase of echogenicity of the renal cortex could be due to changes in perfusion, cell infiltration and deposition of connective tissue, calcium, and fat.5In addition, there was further nephron damage in CKD patients that led to tubule-interstitial fibrosis.[7]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinically impaired kidney degradation syndrome, which commonly is diagnosed based on glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Renal parenchymal resistive index and the renal cortex echogenicity are ultrasound parameters that have been reported correlate with GFR values. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between renal intra-parenchymal resistive index and renal cortical echogenicitybased on GFR in CKD patients. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of renal intraparenchymal resistive indexes were 23%, 79%, 33%, and 69% respectively. Conclusion: Renal intra-parenchymal resistive artery was more specific than renal cortex echogenicity for diagnosing patients with chronic kidney disease. Based on a survey conducted by Association of Nephrology Indonesia in 2009-2012, it was reported that there was an increase in the percentage of new CKD patients by 50% in Indonesia.1The prevalence of chronic kidney disease increases along with the increasing number of elderly population and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease of 13.4% and was reported as the 27th leading cause of death in the world in 1990 and increased to 18th in 2010.1,2 In Indonesia, renal disease treatment is the second largest financing ranking of national
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