Comparing Clinical Examination and Radiological Evaluation in the Preoperative Diagnosis and Location of Symptomatic Interdigital (Morton's) Neuroma

Abstract

This study investigates whether clinical examination is as sensitive as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and localization of symptomatic interdigital neuroma. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary centers on all consecutive patients who underwent excision by a single foot and ankle specialist surgeon for a presumed interdigital neuroma between January 2008 and December 2020. Investigators collected pre-operative clinical findings, radiological investigations and post-operative outcomes. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated and Z-score for two populations proportions was performed. 114 consecutive patients were operated on for 131 suspected interdigital neuroma. Thirteen patients were excluded due to lack of adequate clinical documentation. Of the remaining 101 patients with 118 suspected interdigital neuroma, 115 were confirmed histologically (97.5%). The sensitivity of clinical assessment to accurately diagnose and place an interdigital neuroma in the correct space was calculated as 96.5%. The most common pre-operative clinical feature was pain (99.2%). The calculated sensitivity for ultrasound to accurately diagnose an interdigital neuroma was 83.6%, and to correctly locate neuroma was 79.5% respectively, which were both statistically different compared to clinical assessment (P-value: <0.001 and P-value: <0.001). The calculated sensitivity for MRI to accurately diagnose an interdigital neuroma was 93.6%, which was statistically different to clinical assessment (P-value: 0.005). Pre-operative clinical assessment has the highest sensitivity to accurately diagnose interdigital neuroma when compared to MRI and ultrasound. Pre-operative clinical assessment has higher sensitivity to accurately locate interdigital neuroma when compared to ultrasound.