Abstract
Introduction: The intention of Vietnam to participate in the European-Asian Moss Survey in the framework of The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution on natural vegetation and crops (UNECE ICP Vegetation) necessitates choosing appropriate moss species that grow in the tropical and subtropical climate of Vietnam. The three selected moss species, divided into phytogeographical elements, were as follows: Leucobryum (aduncum, albidum), Hypnum commutatum and Barbula indica.
 Methods: The present study focuses on Central Vietnam where 18 samples of the three above moss species were collected in the vicinity of Dalat and Hue cities. Elements in the moss samples were detected by neutron activation analysis (NAA) at the IBR-2 reactor of the Division of Neutron Activation Analysis, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.
 Results: The analytical results for twenty-three trace elements, which were used to study elemental accumulation abilities of the three moss species in the air, were Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Th, and U. The accumulation abilities were found to decrease in the following order: Leucobryum > Hypnum > Barbula. However, Leucobryum, because of its short stem, was not judged to be a suitable candidate for biomonitoring.
 Conclusion: The element accumulation abilities of Hypnum moss were better than those for Barbula, but both were comparable and could be used as indicators for air deposition monitoring; however, Hypnum was not widely present in Vietnam. Thus, Barbula indica moss could be used for performance of atmospheric deposition monitoring in Vietnam.
Highlights
The intention of Vietnam to participate in the European-Asian Moss Survey in the framework of The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution on natural vegetation and crops (UNECE ICP Vegetation) necessitates choosing appropriate moss species that grow in the tropical and subtropical climate of Vietnam
The present study focuses on Central Vietnam where 18 samples of the three above moss species were collected in the vicinity of Dalat and Hue cities
Elements in the moss samples were detected by neutron activation analysis (NAA) at the IBR-2 reactor of the Division of Neutron Activation Analysis, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia
Summary
The intention of Vietnam to participate in the European-Asian Moss Survey in the framework of The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution on natural vegetation and crops (UNECE ICP Vegetation) necessitates choosing appropriate moss species that grow in the tropical and subtropical climate of Vietnam. The three selected moss species, divided into phytogeographical elements, were as follows: Leucobryum (aduncum, albidum), Hypnum commutatum and Barbula indica. Conclusion: The element accumulation abilities of Hypnum moss were better than those for Barbula, but both were comparable and could be used as indicators for air deposition monitoring; Hypnum was not widely present in Vietnam. Barbula indica moss could be used for performance of atmospheric deposition monitoring in Vietnam. Three moss species are commonly recommended: Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens and Scleropodium purum These species are used for heavy element deposition monitoring in Europe. The above-mentioned moss species are rarely found in Asia Instead, other mosses, such as Hypnum plumaeforme, Taxithelium instratum, Thuidium tamariscellum and Barbula indica, have been used in Asian studies [3,4,5,6,7]. Moss does not grow everywhere in Vietnam, and in many areas of the country, moss sites that strictly meet the recommendations for atmospheric deposition monitoring 8 can rarely be found
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