Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the management of INR therapeutic range as an estimate for achieving therapeutic outcome and estimate sub/supra-therapeutic INR's among physician versus pharmacist-led clinics. Articles were searched in: PubMed, Cochrane, Springer, Science Direct, and Wiley. The search was limited to the English language from 2010 to 2016. The inclusion criteria of the articles keywords such as warfarin, management, pharmacist, physician, therapy, clinic, and anticoagulation were used and GRACE guideline was used to assess the quality of these research articles. A total of 1050 articles were found with the relative subject, after excluding the duplicates more than 50% have been excluded, following the title and reviewing the abstract another 133 (12.67%) were ruled out, and 6 studies were included in the systematic review. In multiple studies pharmacist-Led coagulant clinic showed better outcomes with warfarin anticoagulant therapy. Patients exhibits high satisfaction levels and least warfarin induced complications in comparison with those results obtained with physician-led clinic. It is found that patients-oriented care has not been reported in the retrieved literature, which might open a room for researcher to determine the impact of services provided by pharmacists on individual patient-centered outcomes.
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