Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling and Gene Expression for Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in the Dog and Human.

Greg Markby,Brendan Corcoran,Kim Summers,Vicky Macrae

doi:10.3390/vetsci4030034

Greg Markby, Brendan Corcoran + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4030034

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Journal: Veterinary sciences	Publication Date: Jul 17, 2017
Citations: 17	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh

Abstract

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is the single most important mitral valve disease in both dogs and humans. In the case of the dog it is ubiquitous, such that all aged dogs will have some evidence of the disease, and for humans it is known as Barlow’s disease and affects up to 3% of the population, with an expected increase in prevalence as the population ages. Disease in the two species show many similarities and while both have the classic myxomatous degeneration only in humans is there extensive fibrosis. This dual pathology of the human disease markedly affects the valve transcriptome and the difference between the dog and human is dominated by changes in genes associated with fibrosis. This review will briefly examine the comparative valve pathology and then, in more detail, the transcriptomic profiling and gene expression reported so far for both species.

Highlights

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most important acquired cardiac disease of the dog, with almost all dogs developing some form of the disease if they live long enough [1]
This review will examine the similarities and differences between MMVD in the dog and human, with a particular emphasis on the gene changes identified on transcriptomic profiling and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
When comparing canine and human MMVD it is the difference in pathology that is the most striking

Summary

Introduction

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most important acquired cardiac disease of the dog, with almost all dogs developing some form of the disease if they live long enough [1]. MMVD is described in humans with 2%–3% of the global population estimated to have the disease and approximately 15% of those affected requiring valve surgery [2,3,4]. There are important differences in pathological appearance and these differences are evident in the gene changes found with transcriptomic profiling [2,7,8,9,10]. This review will examine the similarities and differences between MMVD in the dog and human, with a particular emphasis on the gene changes identified on transcriptomic profiling and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To date there is one study using RNA sequencing in the dog and none for human MMVD [11]

Comparative Pathology

Gene Changes in Canine and Human MMVD

Findings

Conclusions