Abstract
BackgroundThe growth process of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) includes vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The reproductive growth period is relatively long (approximately 1.5 years), during which a large number of nutrients are consumed, resulting in reduced tea yield and quality, accelerated aging, and shortened economic life of the tea plant. The formation of unisexual and sterile flowers can weaken the reproductive growth process of the tea plant. To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of pistil deletion in the tea plant, we investigated the transcriptome profiles in the pistil-deficient tea plant (CRQS), wild tea plant (WT), and cultivated tea plant (CT) by using RNA-Seq.ResultsA total of 3683 differentially expressed genes were observed between CRQS and WT flower buds, with 2064 upregulated and 1619 downregulated in the CRQS flower buds. These genes were mainly involved in the regulation of molecular function and biological processes. Ethylene synthesis–related ACC synthase genes were significantly upregulated and ACC oxidase genes were significantly downregulated. Further analysis revealed that one of the WIP transcription factors involved in ethylene synthesis was significantly upregulated. Moreover, AP1 and STK, genes related to flower development, were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively.ConclusionsThe transcriptome analysis indicated that the formation of flower buds with pistil deletion is a complex biological process. Our study identified ethylene synthesis, transcription factor WIP, and A and D-class genes, which warrant further investigation to understand the cause of pistil deletion in flower bud formation.
Highlights
The tender shoots are harvested from cultivated tea plants, and the flourishing growth of branches and leaves of the tea plant are the prerequisites for high yield and stable production of tea gardens [2]
The vast majority of functional genes involved in the ABCDE model belong to the MADS-box gene family, which indicates that this gene family regulates flower sex differentiation [14, 16, 19]
GAPDH (XM_028237220.1) from the tea plants was selected as a reference gene, and the Morphological characteristics of pistil-deficient flower buds Flowers are the reproductive organs of the tea plant
Summary
The genes associated with flower development may be involved in the sex differentiation process. According to the ABCDE model of flower development, genes of the B + C + E class regulate stamen development, those of the C + E class regulate carpel development, and those of the D class regulate ovule development [14,15,16,17]. The vast majority of functional genes involved in the ABCDE model belong to the MADS-box gene family, which indicates that this gene family regulates flower sex differentiation [14, 16, 19]. The growth process of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) includes vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The formation of unisexual and sterile flowers can weaken the reproductive growth process of the tea plant. To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of pistil deletion in the tea plant, we investigated the transcriptome profiles in the pistil-deficient tea plant (CRQS), wild tea plant (WT), and cultivated tea plant (CT) by using RNA-Seq
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