Abstract

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), is a vascular disease affecting diverse solanaceous crops and causing tremendous damage to crop production. However, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying its resistance or susceptibility is very limited. In this study, we characterized the physiological differences and compared the defense-related transcriptomes of two tobacco varieties, 4411-3 (highly resistant, HR) and K326 (moderately resistant, MR), after R. solanacearum infection at 0, 10, and 17 days after inoculation (dpi). A total of 3967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HR and MR genotypes under mock condition at three time points, including1395 up-regulated genes in the HR genotype and 2640 up-regulated genes in the MR genotype. Also, 6,233 and 21,541 DEGs were induced in the HR and MR genotypes after R. solanacearum infection, respectively. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that DEGs in the HR genotype were related to the cell wall, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, endocytosis, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The defense-related genes generally showed genotype-specific regulation and expression differences after R. solanacearum infection. In addition, genes related to auxin and ABA were dramatically up-regulated in the HR genotype. The contents of auxin and ABA in the MR genotype were significantly higher than those in the HR genotype after R. solanacearum infection, providing insight into the defense mechanisms of tobacco. Altogether, these results clarify the physiological and transcriptional regulation of R. solanacearum resistance infection in tobacco, and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the plant-pathogen interaction.

Highlights

  • Bacterial wilt (BW) is one of the most prevalent plant diseases, affecting hundreds of species, including agronomically important crops, such as tomato, chili pepper, sweet pepper, potato, eggplant, and tobacco belonging to the solanaceae family

  • These results confirm that the K326 variety is moderately resistant while the 4411-3 variety is highly resistant to R. solanacearum infection (Figure 1; Supplementary Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 2)

  • We found 6,133 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HR genotype in response to R. solanacearum infection at 10 dpi, which was 45.8-fold more than the number detected at 17 dpi (Supplementary Figures 6A,B, Supplementary Table 9), suggesting that the HR genotype developed R. solanacearum resistance at an early stage

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Summary

Introduction

Bacterial wilt (BW) is one of the most prevalent plant diseases, affecting hundreds of species, including agronomically important crops, such as tomato, chili pepper, sweet pepper, potato, eggplant, and tobacco belonging to the solanaceae family. The roles of cell wall proteins in defense against R. solanacearum in tomato have been discussed extensively (Wydra and Beri, 2006; Diogo and Wydra, 2007; Dahal et al, 2010; Schacht et al, 2011). Several recent studies have identified genes related to plant defense against R. solanacearum, including StMKK1 in potato (Chen et al, 2021), SlNAP1 and a bacterial effector protein RipAK in tomato (Wang et al, 2020; Wang Y. et al, 2021), and CaNAC2c in pepper (Cai et al, 2021)

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