Abstract
The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is an important pest of soybeans. Although resistance is available against this nematode, selection for virulent races can occur, allowing the nematode to overcome the resistance of cultivars. There are abundant field populations, however, little is known about their genetic diversity. In order to elucidate the differences between races, we investigated the transcriptional diversity within race 3 and race 4 inbred lines during their compatible interactions with the soybean host Zhonghuang 13. Six different race-enriched cDNA libraries were constructed with limited nematode samples collected from the three sedentary stages, parasitic J2, J3 and J4 female, respectively. Among 689 putative race-enriched genes isolated from the six libraries with functional annotations, 92 were validated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), including eight putative effector encoding genes. Further race-enriched genes were validated within race 3 and race 4 during development in soybean roots. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of all the race-enriched genes at J3 and J4 female stages showed that most of them functioned in metabolic processes. Relative transcript level analysis of 13 selected race-enriched genes at four developmental stages showed that the differences in their expression abundance took place at either one or more developmental stages. This is the first investigation into the transcript diversity of H. glycines races throughout their sedentary stages, increasing the understanding of the genetic diversity of H. glycines.
Highlights
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, causes significant damage to soybean, resulting in annual yield losses between 1.9 and 3.5 million tons in the USA [1]
In order to overcome this limitation, two H. glycines inbred lines, race 3 and race 4, and their susceptible host soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13 were used to allow an examination of the transcriptional differences within the two races throughout the sedentary stages
The materials used, namely parasitic J2s, J3s and J4 females, were manually microdissected to guarantee the nematodes being at the same developmental stages (Figure 1), which could avoid data distortion resulted from the nonsynchronized development of nematodes in host roots
Summary
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, causes significant damage to soybean, resulting in annual yield losses between 1.9 and 3.5 million tons in the USA [1]. Several resistance genes and QTLs conferring resistance to H. glycines have been identified [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Few of these have been introgressed into commercially viable cultivars [2]. Repeated growth of potato cultivars carrying the H1 resistance gene against Globodera rostochiensis has led to selection for G. pallida in parts of Europe [10]
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