Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is the most common rust disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Owing to the rapid evolution of virulent pathotypes, new and effective leaf rust resistance sources must be found. Aegilops tauschii, an excellent source of resistance genes to a wide range of diseases and pests, may provide novel routes for resistance to this disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the transcriptome of leaf rust resistance in two contrasting resistant and susceptible Ae. tauschii accessions using RNA-sequencing. Gene ontology, analysis of pathway enrichment and transcription factors provided an apprehensible review of differentially expressed genes and highlighted biological mechanisms behind the Aegilops–P. triticina interaction. The results showed the resistant accession could uniquely recognize pathogen invasion and respond precisely via reducing galactosyltransferase and overexpressing chromatin remodeling, signaling pathways, cellular homeostasis regulation, alkaloid biosynthesis pathway and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. However, the suppression of photosynthetic pathway and external stimulus responses were observed upon rust infection in the susceptible genotype. In particular, this first report of comparative transcriptome analysis offers an insight into the strength and weakness of Aegilops against leaf rust and exhibits a pipeline for future wheat breeding programs.
Highlights
Leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is an important wheat disease w orldwide[1]
The resistant accession of Ae. tauschii (AT349) produced an infection types (ITs) of ‘0;=’ while the susceptible one (AT350) displayed an IT of ‘3+’. Both mock-inoculated genotypes used in this study showed no symptoms of infection
Based on the phenotyping results, it was clarified that the resistant genotype carries seedling resistance genes and was used for downstream comparative transcriptome analysis
Summary
Leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is an important wheat disease w orldwide[1]. RNA-sequencing technology is an important tool in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of resistance to rust, evaluating gene profiles and the transcriptome of different plant organs, introducing candidate resistance genes, and identifying associated markers for marker-assisted breeding[15] This technology has recently become more affordable to analyze the transcriptomes of both host and pathogen in compatible and incompatible interactions[16,17,18]. This study was aimed to analyze the transcriptome of two contrasting leaf rust resistant and susceptible Aegilops accessions, and validate the expression of selected genes using RT-qPCR To our knowledge, this is the first use of the RNA-seq approach to assess the molecular aspects of host resistance and differential gene expression in two Iranian Ae. tauschii accessions with compatible and incompatible interactions. The results of this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rust resistance in Ae. tauschii, which can aid in resistance breeding strategies
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