Abstract
Nassarius has caused serious people poisoning and death incident as a popular food due to tetrodotoxin (TTX) accumulation in their body. Understanding the genetic basis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) transformation and resistance in animals could lead to significant insights into adaptive evolution to toxins and toxin poisoning cures in medicine. Here we performed comparative transcriptome analysis for toxic and non-toxic communities in Nassarius succinctus and Nassarius variciferus to reveal their genetic expression and mutation patterns. For both species, the cellular and metabolic process, and binding and catalytic activity accounted for the top classification categories, and the toxic communities generally produced more up-regulated genes than non-toxic communities. Most unigenes and different expression genes were related to disease, e.g., heat shock protein and tissue factor pathway inhibitors, which involve detoxification and coagulation. In mutation levels, the sodium channel gene of N. succinctus had one amino acid mutation “L”, which is different from that of other animals. In conclusion, the comparative transcriptome analysis of different species and populations provided an important genetic basis for adaptive evolution to toxins, health and toxin poisoning cure research for TTX in marine gastropoda mollusk. Future studies will focus on the action mechanism of the important functional gene for TTX accumulation and resistance.
Highlights
Nassarius, a species-rich genus of Nassariinae, belonging to marine gastropod mollusks, is distributed in oceans globally, inhabiting inter- to subtidal shallow marine environments as facultative scavengers [1]
A total of 12 samples were used for transcriptome sequencing in this study, half out of which were from N. succinctus and half of which were from N. variciferus
A total of 39.96 Gb bases and 40.19 Gb bases were generated for all specimens of N. succinctus and all specimens of N. variciferus respectively, based on Illumina Hiseq sequencing
Summary
A species-rich genus of Nassariinae, belonging to marine gastropod mollusks, is distributed in oceans globally, inhabiting inter- to subtidal shallow marine environments as facultative scavengers [1]. Nassarius are important in maintaining the balance of benthic community and are useful in the biomonitoring of Tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the marine environment [2]. Nassarius has an imposex phenomenon that is considered to be the best biological indicator of TBT pollution in marine waters [3]. For a long time, Nassarius is consumed as a popular food in Asian countries as an economic species [2], especially in. Eating Nassarius have caused hundreds of food poisoning and death incidents in China in the last several years, which has caused serious health issues [4,5]. Researchers have reported that the food poisoning incident was due to tetrodotoxin (TTX) accumulated in the edible tissues of individuals of Toxins 2020, 12, 761; doi:10.3390/toxins12120761 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins
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