Abstract
Trichoderma longibrachiatum MD33, a sesquiterpene alkaloid-producing endophyte isolated from Dendrobium nobile, shows potential medical and industrial applications. To understand the molecular mechanisms of sesquiterpene alkaloids production, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on strain MD33 and its positive mutant UN32, which was created using Ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis and nitrogen ion (N+) implantation. The alkaloid production of UN32 was 2.62 times more than that of MD33. One thousand twenty-four differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 519 up-regulated and 505 down-regulated genes, were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed 139 GO terms and 87 biosynthesis pathways. Dendrobine, arguably the main sesquiterpene alkaloid the strain MD33 produced, might start synthesis through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Several MVA pathway enzyme-coding genes (hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mevalonate kinase, and farnesyl diphosphate synthase) were found to be differentially expressed, suggesting that physical mutagenesis can disrupt genome integrity and gene expression. Some backbone post-modification enzymes and transcript factors were either discovered, suggesting the sesquiterpene alkaloid metabolism in T. longibrachiatum is a complex genetic network. Our findings help to shed light on the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism of sesquiterpene alkaloids production in T. longibrachiatum.
Highlights
The plant Dendrobium nobile is well-known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for containing a variety of active compounds, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenols, terpenes, and flavonoids (Li et al, 2017)
The endophytes’ connection with their host plants is the consequence of extraordinary reworkings that enable the endophytes to grow in tandem with their plant associations. These endophyte groups are responsible for the partial biosynthesis or broad distribution of secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by hosts (Sarsaiya et al, 2019b, 2020c)
UV radiation and N+ implantation were employed to induce the genetic mutation of the strain MD33
Summary
The plant Dendrobium nobile is well-known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for containing a variety of active compounds, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenols, terpenes, and flavonoids (Li et al, 2017). The quest for a sustainable alternative source of high-value plant-metabolites is essential This led to the discovery that endophytes can produce plantderived compounds. The endophytes’ connection with their host plants is the consequence of extraordinary reworkings that enable the endophytes to grow in tandem with their plant associations These endophyte groups are responsible for the partial biosynthesis or broad distribution of secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by hosts (Sarsaiya et al, 2019b, 2020c). Fungi may boost plant development, increase resistance to disease-causing pathogens, eliminate weeds, and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors They are very effective in producing large amounts of SMs (industrially significant bioactive natural chemicals) with pharmaceutical applications (Jain et al, 2019, 2021; Sarsaiya et al, 2019a, 2020b). Our previous report was the first to identify Trichoderma longibrachiatum MD33, a dendrobine-producing endophyte isolated from D. nobile (Sarsaiya et al, 2020a)
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