Abstract
BackgroundColeorhiza hairs, are sheath-like outgrowth organs in the seeds of Poaceae family that look like root hair but develop from the coleorhiza epidermal cells during seed imbibition. The major role of coleorhiza hair in seed germination involves facilitating water uptake and nutrient supply for seed germination. However, molecular basis of coleorhiza hair development and underlying genes and metabolic pathways during seed germination are largely unknown and need to be established.ResultsIn this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of coleorhiza hairs from japonica and indica rice suggested that DEGs in embryo samples from seeds with embryo in air (EIA) as compared to embryo from seeds completely covered by water (CBW) were enriched in water deprivation, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin metabolism, carbohydrate catabolism and phosphorus metabolism in coleorhiza hairs in both cultivars. Up-regulation of key metabolic genes in ABA, auxin and dehydrin and aquaporin genes may help maintain the basic development of coleorhiza hair in japonica and indica in EIA samples during both early and late stages. Additionally, DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism and carbon metabolism are upregulated while DEGs involved in amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism are downregulated in EIA suggesting induction of oxidative stress-alleviating genes and less priority to primary metabolism.ConclusionsTaken together, results in this study could provide novel aspects about the molecular signaling that could be involved in coleorhiza hair development in different types of rice cultivars during seed germination and may give some hints for breeders to improve seed germination efficiency under moderate drought conditions.
Highlights
Coleorhiza hairs, are sheath-like outgrowth organs in the seeds of Poaceae family that look like root hair but develop from the coleorhiza epidermal cells during seed imbibition
Phenotypic characteristics of coleorhiza hair formation in japonica and indica rice To investigate the phenotypic differences in coleorhiza development in japonica (Nipponbare) and indica (9311) cultivars, seeds of these two cultivars were germinated under two water treatments: (a), seeds are fully covered with water, hereby referred to as covered by water (CBW), or (b) seeds are half submerged in water and embryo comes out from the non-submerged part, hereby referred to as embryo in air (EIA)
Difference in type of water treatment was the major factor contributing to transcriptome variation To fish out putative genes involved in coleorhiza hair development in Nipponbare and 9311 cultivars during the early germination process, a genome-wide
Summary
Coleorhiza hairs, are sheath-like outgrowth organs in the seeds of Poaceae family that look like root hair but develop from the coleorhiza epidermal cells during seed imbibition. Coleorhiza hair can form under dry soil conditions and can’t be induced under oxygen limited conditions, suggesting its functional adaptation to dried conditions [1] It develops from the epidermal cells of the emerging coleorhiza during the early germination process (akin to the root hairs growing form root epidermis), are considered to be responsible for water absorption and could be anchored to the soil during the germination process [2]. The members of Poaceae are probably the most valuable plant family including many cereal crops [3] This specific structure of seeds of Poaceae is presumed to have water absorbing properties [4] and may help to exude cohesive-substances into the soil [5].
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