Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS) caused by fungus Nothopassalora personata in groundnut is responsible for up to 50% yield loss. To dissect the complex nature of LLS resistance, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using resistant (GPBD 4), susceptible (TAG 24) and a resistant introgression line (ICGV 13208) and identified a total of 12,164 and 9954 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) respectively in A- and B-subgenomes of tetraploid groundnut. There were 135 and 136 unique pathways triggered in A- and B-subgenomes, respectively, upon N. personata infection. Highly upregulated putative disease resistance genes, an RPP-13 like (Aradu.P20JR) and a NBS-LRR (Aradu.Z87JB) were identified on chromosome A02 and A03, respectively, for LLS resistance. Mildew resistance Locus (MLOs)-like proteins, heavy metal transport proteins, and ubiquitin protein ligase showed trend of upregulation in susceptible genotypes, while tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR), pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR), chitinases, glutathione S-transferases, purple acid phosphatases showed upregulation in resistant genotypes. However, the highly expressed ethylene responsive factor (ERF) and ethylene responsive nuclear protein (ERF2), and early responsive dehydration gene (ERD) might be related to the possible causes of defoliation in susceptible genotypes. The identified disease resistance genes can be deployed in genomics-assisted breeding for development of LLS resistant cultivars to reduce the yield loss in groundnut.
Highlights
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinated tetraploid oilseed legume crop and is cultivated on 34.1 million hectares (Mha) with an annual production of 66.3 million tons with productivity of 2.17 tons/ha during 2019 [1]
Ease development (1DPI, 2DPI, 3DPI, 7DPI) and symptom development (21DPI, 35DPI, 50DPI) stages. Foliar diseases such as early leaf spot (ELS), late leaf spot (LLS) and rust often occur together leading to 50–70% yield loss in groundnut
N. personata spreads on leaves and it spreads on stem and pegs and affects seed and haulm quality under heavy infection [19,31]
Summary
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinated tetraploid oilseed legume crop and is cultivated on 34.1 million hectares (Mha) with an annual production of 66.3 million tons with productivity of 2.17 tons/ha during 2019 [1]. Groundnut with 20 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 40, AABB) and genome size of 2.6 Gb [2,3,4] is one of the important food crops of semi-arid tropics because of high quality edible oil, protein, minerals and vitamins like biotin, niacin, folate and vitamin E [5]. Global productivity of this crop is reduced substantially due to the occurrence of the foliar disease late leaf spot (LLS) caused by Nothopassalora personata
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