Abstract
BackgroundThe physico-chemical properties along with the insecticidal potency of seven non-traditional insecticides from different classes compared with three conventional insecticides were assessed versus Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) below laboratory and field conditions.ResultsAll non-conventional insecticides passed the physico-chemical properties except Actra (thiamethoxam) which failed in pH test. Moreover, all conventional insecticide failed these characteristics. The laboratory assessment of the examined insecticides demonstrated that Emperor (Emamectin benzoate) and Coragen (Chlorantraniliprole) were the most superior (LC50 = 0.26 and 0.46 mg L−1, respectively), followed by Radiant (Spinetoram), Vapcomic (Abamectin), and Challenger (Chlorfenapyr) (LC50 = 0.59, 0.60, and 24.07 mg L−1, respectively). Accordingly, these most potent insecticides were evaluated under field circumstances. The levels of insect infestation reduced by 98.74 and 95.51% after 7 days of spraying for the most effective insecticides, Emperor and Coragen, respectively, while the other examined insecticides were at par with one another. Concerning the biochemical effects of the most potent insecticides on tomato plants, all treatments induced promising effect on the photosynthetic pigments. In addition, they significantly minimized the activity of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The most potent biochemical effects were ascribed to Emperor and Coragen insecticides. These two insecticides proved again the maximum total and marketable yields. Moreover, Challenger, Radiant, and Vapcomic revealed minor differences with Emperor and Coragen of the efficiency and marketable yield.ConclusionsThe results proved that the examined insecticides, Challenger, Radiant, Vapcomic, especially, Emperor and Coragen can be successfully used in the IPM tactic against T. absoluta insect.
Highlights
Tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is among the most crucial edible and nutritious vegetable crops in Egypt
Insecticides Seven insecticides belong to different new generations as avermectins (Emperor 0.5% Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Shandong Jingbo Agrochemical Co., China; Vapcomic 1.8% EC, Vapco, Jordan), chlorfenapyr (Challenger 24% Soluble concentrate (SC), BASF LTD., Egypt), diamide (Coragen 20% SC, Dupont, Canada), neonicotinoids (Actara 25% Wettable granules (WG), Syngenta, Agro, Egypt; Imaxi 35% SC, Rotam agrochemical, Hong Kong), and spinosyns (Radiant 12% SC, Dow Agrosciences, England), along with 3 insecticides affiliated to conventional groups of organophosphates (Pestban 48% EC, Agrochem, Egypt), Organophosphates + pyrethroids (Action Phos 50% EC, Agrochem, Egypt) and pyrethroids (Delta Plus 50% EC, Delta Plus Co., Egypt) were evaluated against T. absoluta
The data pertaining to the increase of yield were similar to the results of tomato yield, where the highest increases of yield (195.2%) and (187.5%) were obtained by Emperor and Coragen, respectively. These two insecticides investigated the highest additional income over control that estimated by 29983 and 28801 pounds/fed., respectively, followed by Radiant of 25257 pounds/fed. (Table 9).The highest net profit per feddan occurred when tomato plants treated with Emperor and Coragen which achieved ~ 34882.9 and 31881.3 pounds/fed., respectively, whereas, the other examined insecticides were at par with each other, as the net profit ranged from 28485 to 29456 pounds/fed
Summary
Tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is among the most crucial edible and nutritious vegetable crops in Egypt It grows throughout the year as an economic crop by vegetable growers, both in a small and commercial scale. T. absoluta larvae attack tomato plants during all their growth stages It can infest leaves, flower, stem, and fruit, causing considerable losses in tomatoes (Mollá et al 2011). The objective of the present study is to evaluate some new insecticides generations on T. absoluta in comparison with conventional insecticides from different groups under laboratory and field conditions, as well as the potency of these insecticides in diminish the insect infestation through determination of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plants. The physico-chemical properties along with the insecticidal potency of seven non-traditional insecticides from different classes compared with three conventional insecticides were assessed versus Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) below laboratory and field conditions
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